A four-year-old patient has been diagnosed with leukemia. The patient's parents follow the Jehovah's Witness faith and inform the physician that they will not approve any type of blood transfusions. The pediatric nurse is aware that:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Jehovah's Witnesses generally refuse blood transfusions, but volume expanders may be acceptable alternatives in certain situations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is an inflammatory kidney disease that typically follows a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat or skin infection caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. The infection triggers the body's immune response, leading to the deposition of immune complexes in the glomeruli of the kidneys. This results in inflammation, damage to the glomeruli, and impaired kidney function. Symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis may include hematuria (blood in the urine), proteinuria (protein in the urine), edema, hypertension, and decreased urine output. It is important to diagnose and manage acute glomerulonephritis promptly to prevent complications and promote recovery. Other answer choices do not accurately describe the typical etiology or presentation of acute glomerulonephritis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Lumbosacral agenesis is not one of the most common congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers. Common anomalies include cardiac defects, neural tube defects, and others.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acute bronchial obstruction due to airway swelling and constriction is a major cause of death in anaphylaxis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Traumatic retinoschisis is not typically associated with AHT-related retinal hemorrhages. Characteristics such as multiple layers, central location, and varying sizes are hallmarks of AHT-induced retinal damage.