A female patient's hematocrit level is 50% and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. What should the nurse suspect as being the cause for this patient's hematocrit level?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dehydration. Dehydration can lead to hemoconcentration, resulting in an elevated hematocrit level. When a person is dehydrated, the plasma volume decreases, causing an increase in the proportion of red blood cells in the blood, leading to a higher hematocrit level. In this case, the patient's high hematocrit level of 50% is likely due to dehydration rather than the other options. Oxygen saturation being 98% on room air indicates adequate oxygenation, ruling out chronic renal failure, bone marrow suppression, and bleeding esophageal varices as potential causes for the high hematocrit level in this patient.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the lungs are unable to efficiently oxygenate the blood, leading to tissue hypoxia. Polycythemia is the body's compensatory mechanism to increase red blood cell production in an attempt to improve oxygen-carrying capacity to tissues. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as polycythemia in COPD is primarily a response to tissue hypoxia rather than medication side effects, overactive bone marrow, or combating anemia related to increased metabolic rate.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The nurse should see the client with a prothrombin time (PT) of 28 seconds first because PT measures the time it takes for blood to clot. A PT of 28 seconds is prolonged, indicating potential bleeding risk. This requires immediate attention to prevent complications. Choice A: A client with an international normalized ratio of 2.8 may indicate anticoagulant therapy but is not as urgent as a prolonged PT. Choice B: A platelet count of 128,000/mm³ is low but doesn't necessarily require immediate intervention compared to a prolonged PT. Choice D: A red blood cell count of 5.1 million/L is within normal range and does not indicate an urgent issue related to clotting or bleeding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Blinatumomab is a bispecific molecule designed to engage T-cells to target B-lymphoblasts. 2. It targets CD19, a B-cell-specific antigen expressed on B-lymphoblasts. 3. Engagement of T-cells via CD19 leads to targeted killing of B-lymphoblasts. 4. CD10, CD15, and CD20 are not specific to B-cells, making them incorrect choices. Summary: The correct answer is C (CD19) because blinatumomab's mechanism of action specifically targets B-lymphoblasts via CD19. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not have the same specificity for B-cells as CD19 does.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nominal. Central line type is a nominal data structure because it represents categories without any inherent order or ranking. In this study, the central line types (port, PICC, TEC) are distinct categories with no numerical significance or order. They are simply different types of central lines used for medical purposes. Continuous (A) data involves numerical values with infinite possibilities, which is not the case here. Dichotomous (B) data consists of only two categories, while in this study there are three central line types. Ordinal (D) data involves categories with a specific order or ranking, which is not applicable to central line types as they do not have a natural order.