A female patient needs a whole blood transfusion. In order for transfusion services (the blood bank) to prepare the correct product a sample of the patient's blood must be obtained for:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Before administering a whole blood transfusion to a patient, it is crucial for the transfusion services to determine the patient's blood type and perform a crossmatch with the donor blood to ensure compatibility. The blood type (e.g., ABO and Rh) of the patient must be identified to select compatible donor blood. A crossmatch is performed to further confirm compatibility and prevent adverse reactions, such as hemolytic transfusion reactions, which can occur when incompatible blood components are transfused. This process helps ensure the safety and efficacy of the transfusion for the patient. A complete blood count and differential, blood culture and sensitivity, and antibody screening are important tests in other clinical contexts but are not essential for preparing a whole blood transfusion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Before administering a whole blood transfusion to a patient, it is crucial for the transfusion services to determine the patient's blood type and perform a crossmatch with the donor blood to ensure compatibility. The blood type (e.g., ABO and Rh) of the patient must be identified to select compatible donor blood. A crossmatch is performed to further confirm compatibility and prevent adverse reactions, such as hemolytic transfusion reactions, which can occur when incompatible blood components are transfused. This process helps ensure the safety and efficacy of the transfusion for the patient. A complete blood count and differential, blood culture and sensitivity, and antibody screening are important tests in other clinical contexts but are not essential for preparing a whole blood transfusion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Levodopa is a prodrug converted to dopamine in the brain, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Prodrugs are inactive compounds metabolized into active drugs in the body.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Heparin for pulmonary embolism has bleeding risks. Recent surgery -is a contraindication due to postoperative hemorrhage potential. Alcoholism , drug abuse , hypertension , and immune deficiency (E) aren't absolute. Surgery's timing is key in this unconscious patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Iris darkening in glaucoma treatment points to Latanoprost , a prostaglandin analog. It increases melanin in iridial melanocytes, a known side effect. Acetazolamide , a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, Epinephrine , Pilocarpine , and Timolol (E) don't cause this. Latanoprost's cosmetic effect is well-documented, fitting her long-term use.