A female patient is receiving furosemide (Lasix), 40 mg P.O. b.i.d. In the plan of care, the nurse should emphasize teaching the patient about the importance of consuming:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic that increases urine output, commonly used to treat edema or hypertension, but it also causes significant potassium loss, a condition called hypokalemia. The nurse must educate the patient to consume potassium-rich foods to counteract this side effect. Bananas and oranges (Choice B) are excellent sources of potassiumbananas contain about 400 mg per medium fruit, and oranges around 240 mgmaking them ideal choices to maintain electrolyte balance. Fresh green vegetables (Choice A) like spinach offer some potassium but are less concentrated than bananas and oranges, and their primary benefit lies in vitamins like A and C. Lean red meat (Choice C) is rich in protein and iron but low in potassium, while creamed corn (Choice D) is high in carbohydrates and sodium, not potassium. Hypokalemia can lead to muscle cramps, arrhythmias, or fatigue, so prioritizing potassium intake is critical. Teaching the patient to include bananas and oranges ensures they address the diuretic's most significant electrolyte impact, making Choice B the best answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Patient's Bill of Rights (Choice B) is a legal and ethical document ensuring clients' rights to information about their care, informed consent before procedures, and refusal of treatment without coercion. Adopted by healthcare facilities, it empowers patientse.g., a client can refuse surgery after understanding risks. Standards of Nursing Practice (Choice A) outline professional expectations for nurses, not patient rights. The Nurse Practice Act (Choice C) defines nursing scope and licensure by state, focusing on practitioners, not patients. The Code for Nurses (Choice D), from the ANA, guides ethical nursing behavior but isn't a patient-facing rights document. For instance, if a client asks about chemotherapy risks, the Bill of Rights mandates full disclosure and consent, not the Code. Choice B directly addresses these autonomy rights, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: An Italian client complaining of pain then falling asleep suggests cultural expressiveness and fatigue, leading to the conclusion he may have a low pain threshold (Choice A). Italian heritage often correlates with vocalizing discomfort readily (per cultural studies, e.g., Zborowski), meaning small pain feels significant, yet sleep indicates exhaustion, not absence of pain. Faking pain (Choice B) assumes deceit without evidence; sleep doesn't disprove his report. Someone else medicating him (Choice C) is speculativeno record or timing supports this. Pain going away (Choice D) is unlikely, as sudden resolution wouldn't cause instant sleep. For example, postoperative pain might overwhelm him, prompting a loud complaint, then fatigue takes over. He may still need analgesia upon waking. Choice A reflects cultural sensitivity and clinical reasoning, making it correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Toddlers (1-3 years) have evolving sleep needs, decreasing from infancy's 14-17 hours. Near the end (around 3 years), '10-12 hours' is normal, per pediatric sleep norms (e.g., National Sleep Foundation), totaling 11-14 hours daily with naps. '7-8 hours' is too low, typical for older children or adults, risking fatigue or developmental delaye.g., a 3-year-old sleeping only 8 hours might be irritable. '8-10 hours' underestimates; while some toddlers manage, most need more for growth (e.g., brain development via REM). '12-15 hours' fits younger toddlers or infants, not the stage's end, where naps shorten. For instance, a 3-year-old might sleep 11 hours nightly plus a 1-hour nap, aligning with Choice C. Nursing education, per Taylor, stresses age-specific norms to guide parents, making 10-12 hours the correct, evidence-based answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sleep disorders vary in prevalence, but 'insomnia' is most common, affecting 10-30% of adultse.g., difficulty falling or staying asleep >3 nights weeklyper DSM-5 and sleep surveys. 'Hypersomnia' , excessive sleepiness (e.g., narcolepsy), is rarer, at 1-2%. 'Parasomnia' , like sleepwalking, occurs in 1-10%, often in kids, not adults predominantly. 'Dyssomnia' is a category (including insomnia, hypersomnia), not a specific disorder, thus not 'most common.' Insomnia's causesstress, pain, caffeinemake it ubiquitous; e.g., a nurse might see 1 in 3 patients report it, per Taylor's epidemiology. Chronicity (3+ months) amplifies its impact, unlike episodic parasomnias. Choice C is the correct, evidence-backed answer.