ATI RN
Fluid and Electrolytes ATI Questions
Question 1 of 9
A female patient is discharged from the hospital after having an episode of heart failure. She's prescribed daily oral doses of digoxin (Lanoxin) and furosemide (Lasix). Two days later, she tells her community health nurse that she feels weak and her heart "flutters" frequently. What action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide is a potassium-wasting diuretic. A low potassium level may cause weakness and palpitations. Telling the patient to rest more often won't help the patient if she's hypokalemic. Digoxin isn't causing the patient's symptoms, so she doesn't need to stop taking it. The patient should probably avoid caffeine, but this wouldn't resolve potassium depletion.
Question 2 of 9
The nurse is evaluating a patient's laboratory results. Based upon the laboratory findings, what results will cause the release of an antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased serum sodium causes increased thirst and the release of ADH by the posterior pituitary gland.
Question 3 of 9
Your patient has alcoholism, and you may suspect during your assessment that his serum magnesium is low. What will the nurse potentially expect to assess related to hypomagnesemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia are largely confined to the neuromuscular system and include confusion, tremor, tetany, laryngeal stridor, and ataxia.
Question 4 of 9
The nurse preparing a site for the insertion of an IV catheter should treat excess hair at the site by:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hair can be a source of infection and should be removed by clipping. Shaving the area can cause skin abrasions, and depilatories can irritate the skin.
Question 5 of 9
A nurse in the medical-surgical unit is giving a patient with low blood pressure a hypertonic solution, which will increase the number of dissolved particles in his blood, creating pressure for fluids in the tissues to shift into the capillaries and increase the blood volume. Which of the following terms is associated with this process?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osmosis is the movement of fluid from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane. The number of dissolved particles contained in a unit of fluid determines the osmolality of a solution, which influences the movement of fluid between the fluid compartments. Giving a patient who has a low blood pressure a hypertonic solution will increase the number of dissolved particles in the blood, creating pressure for fluids in the tissues to shift into the capillaries and increase the blood volume. Option A is incorrect; hydrostatic pressure refers to changes in water or volume related to water pressure. Option C is incorrect; diffusion is the movement of solutes from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration. The solutes in an intact vascular system are unable to move, so diffusion should not normally take place. Option D is incorrect; active transport is the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient and requires ATP as an energy source. This process typically takes place at the cellular level and is not involved in vascular volume changes.
Question 6 of 9
The nurse is caring for a patient who is diaphoretic from a fever. The amount of sodium excreted in the urine will:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased sweating (diaphoresis) leads to the loss of sodium and other electrolytes, resulting in higher sodium excretion in the urine.
Question 7 of 9
A patient who is in renal failure partially loses the ability to regulate changes in pH because the kidneys:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The kidneys regulate the bicarbonate level in the ECF; they can regenerate bicarbonate ions as well as reabsorb them from the renal tubular cells. In respiratory acidosis and most cases of metabolic acidosis, the kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate ions to help restore balance.
Question 8 of 9
What would be the best initial nursing actions prior to inserting an IV?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prior to initiating an IV, the nurse should verify the physician's order for IV therapy.
Question 9 of 9
A patient's lab results show a slight decrease in potassium. The physician has declined to treat with drug therapy but has suggested increasing the potassium through diet. Which of the following would be a good source of potassium?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bananas are high in potassium. Apples, carrots, and asparagus are not high in potassium.