ATI RN
Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A female infant, age 2 years, has a fever and bloody urine. Microscopic examination of the urine reveals red blood cells and neutrophils but no casts. The most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fever, hematuria, and neutrophils without casts suggest acute cystitis (infection), not RCC (adults), stones (obstruction), glomerulonephritis (casts), or polycystic kidney (chronic). This aligns with pediatric UTI, key for rapid treatment, contrasting with neoplastic or chronic conditions.
Question 2 of 5
All of the following is true about polycystic kidney disease EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Autosomal dominant (AD) PKD is common, presents 20-50, progresses to ESRF, and 50% familial not recessive (AR, childhood). This corrects genetics, key for diagnosis, contrasting with recessive misconception.
Question 3 of 5
The upper third of the posterior surface of the kidney is related to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Upper posterior kidney contacts the diaphragm not psoas, quadratus, or transversus (lower relations). This defines renal anatomy, key for surgical context, contrasting with lower muscles.
Question 4 of 5
What portion of the nephron extends into the medulla?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nephron loop (loop of Henle) extends into medulla not PCT, DCT (cortex), or papillary duct (collecting). This locates medullary segment, critical for concentration, contrasting with cortical parts.
Question 5 of 5
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each kidney is the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Renal capsule (fibrous) encases kidney not cortex, hilum (entry), medulla, or pyramids (inner). This identifies protective layer, vital for structure, contrasting with regions.