A female client who received general anesthesia returns from surgery. Postoperatively, which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority for this client?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Postoperative care prioritizes the ABCsairway, breathing, circulationespecially after general anesthesia, which depresses the central nervous system, impairing gag and swallow reflexes. 'Risk for aspiration related to anesthesia' (Choice D) is the highest priority because residual anesthetic effects can allow gastric contents to enter the lungs, causing life-threatening aspiration pneumonia. Acute pain (Choice A) is significant but manageable with medication and doesn't immediately threaten survival. Deficient fluid volume (Choice B) from surgical losses is critical but secondary to airway patency, addressed via IV fluids. Impaired mobility (Choice C) is a longer-term concern, not urgent. For example, a groggy client with a weak cough risks silent aspiration, detectable only through vigilant monitoring (e.g., oxygen saturation, respiratory rate). Aspiration's rapid lethality (minutes) versus pain or fluid loss (hours) elevates Choice D as the correct, top-priority diagnosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: During NREM sleep, especially stages 3-4 (deep sleep) at 4 a.m., the body enters a restorative state with parasympathetic dominance, lowering metabolic demand. 'Decreased TPR and BP' reflects this: total peripheral resistance (TPR) and blood pressure (BP) drop as heart rate slows (e.g., from 70 to 50 bpm) and vessels dilate, per circadian dips and sleep physiology. 'Increased TPR and BP' occurs in REM or stress, not NREM's calm. 'No change from daytime readings' ignores sleep's autonomic shift; daytime wakefulness elevates vitals (e.g., BP 120/80 vs. 100/60 at night). 'Highly individualized, cannot predict' overstates variability; while baselines differ, NREM consistently reduces vitals across healthy adults. For example, a nurse might record BP dropping 10-20% from daytime, aligning with Taylor's description of NREM's energy conservation. Choice A is the expected, evidence-based finding.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sleep needs vary by age due to growth and repair demands. 'A 15-year-old' requires more sleep8-10 hours nightly, per NSFdriven by puberty's brain development (e.g., synaptic pruning in REM) and physical growth. 'A 75-year-old' needs 7-8 hours; aging reduces deep sleepe.g., NREM stage 3 drops 10%but not total need drastically. 'A 43-year-old' and '25-year-old' both need 7-9 hours; adulthood stabilizes sleep, though stress or lifestyle might cut ite.g., a 25-year-old averaging 6 hours risks deficit. Adolescents' melatonin shifts (e.g., delayed to 11 p.m.) and school demands amplify their need, per Taylor's developmental norms. Choice D correctly reflects this highest requirement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Frequent nocturia from high fluid intake disrupts sleep, fixable via timing. 'Drink most of the liquids before 5 p.m.' is correct; front-loading hydratione.g., 80% of 2L by late afternoonlets the bladder empty pre-bedtime, cutting awakenings (e.g., from 4 to 1), per nursing hydration advice. Choice A, 'during the night,' worsens ite.g., 500 mL at 10 p.m. fills the bladder by 2 a.m. Choice C, 'coffee instead of water,' adds caffeine's diuretic and stimulant effectse.g., doubling voids. Choice D, 'before noon,' risks dehydration latere.g., unmet needs by evening. Taylor's sleep hygiene supports Choice B's balance of hydration and rest, making it correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Remission' in cancer means disease control. 'The disease is present but the patient is not experiencing symptoms' is correcte.g., breast cancer cells remain but no fatigue or lumps, per oncology norms in Taylor. Choice A, 'experiencing symptoms,' contradicts remissione.g., active disease has pain. Choice B, 'end-stage cancer,' is terminal, not remissione.g., metastasis dominates. Choice C, 'unremitting pain,' fits active cancer, not remission's reliefe.g., post-chemo calm. Remission (partial or complete) signals treatment successe.g., scans show tumors but no growthmaking Choice D the precise answer.