A female client must take streptomycin for tuberculosis. Before therapy begins, the nurse should instruct the client to notify the physician if a health concern occurs?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased hearing acuity. Streptomycin is known to cause ototoxicity, which can lead to decreased hearing acuity. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client to notify the physician if any changes in hearing occur to prevent permanent hearing loss. Impaired color discrimination (A) and increased appetite (D) are not commonly associated with streptomycin use. Increased urinary frequency (B) is not a typical side effect of streptomycin and would not require immediate physician notification.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fever. Fever is not a characteristic sign or symptom of COPD. The rationale is that COPD is a chronic respiratory condition that primarily affects the lungs and airways, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath (dyspnea on exertion), barrel chest due to air trapping, and clubbed fingers and toes due to chronic hypoxia. Fever is not a typical presentation of COPD, as it is usually associated with infections or inflammatory conditions rather than COPD itself. In summary, choices B, C, and D are characteristic of COPD, while choice A is not typically associated with this condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: vital capacity. Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible. It is calculated by adding tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume together. This measurement reflects the maximum lung capacity and is important in assessing lung function. Tidal volume (B) is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing cycles. Pleural volume (C) refers to the space between the lungs and the chest wall. Alveolar volume (D) is the amount of air in the alveoli available for gas exchange. These choices are incorrect as they do not represent the maximum air intake capacity of the lungs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: as the initiator of the cough reflex. The nose does not initiate the cough reflex; rather, it is the respiratory system's response to irritants in the airways. The nose warms, humidifies, and cleanses the air as it passes through, and it also serves as a passageway for air movement. Therefore, the nose does not directly trigger the cough reflex.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A (600-800 millions) because the alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for gas exchange. An adult human lung has approximately 300-400 million alveoli, with two lungs totaling 600-800 million. Choice B (200-300 millions) and C (1-2 millions) are incorrect because they underestimate the total number of alveoli in both lungs. Choice D (100,000-150,000 millions) is incorrect as it overestimates the number of alveoli by a significant margin.