ATI RN
Infection Prevention and Control NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A female client is on isolation because she acquired a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection after hospitalization for hip replacement surgery. What name is given to this type of infection?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nosocomial. A nosocomial infection is an infection acquired in a healthcare setting, such as a hospital. In this case, the client contracted MRSA during her hospital stay for hip replacement surgery. MRSA is a type of bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics and is commonly found in healthcare settings. Explanation: A: Nosocomial - Correct. MRSA infection acquired in the hospital setting. B: Viral - Incorrect. MRSA is a bacterial infection, not viral. C: Iatrogenic - Incorrect. Iatrogenic refers to illnesses caused by medical treatment. D: Antimicrobial - Incorrect. Antimicrobial refers to substances that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, not a type of infection.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is performing a sterile dressing change. If new sterile items or supplies are needed, how can they be added to the sterile field?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. When adding new sterile items or supplies to a sterile field during a dressing change, sterile forceps or hands wearing sterile gloves should be used to maintain sterility. This ensures that no contamination occurs. Using clean hands (option B) or clean forceps (option C) does not maintain the sterility of the field. Clean hands wearing clean latex gloves (option D) are not sufficient for maintaining a sterile field as latex gloves are not sterile. Using sterile forceps or hands wearing sterile gloves is essential to prevent the introduction of pathogens and maintain aseptic technique.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following are characteristics of the stage of infection known as full stage of illness? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because during the full stage of illness, specific signs and symptoms of infection are present. This stage occurs after the pathogen has invaded the body, multiplied, and the immune response has begun. The signs and symptoms indicate the body's response to the infection. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because A refers to the incubation period, C describes the prodromal stage, and D is indicative of the convalescent period. In summary, during the full stage of illness, specific signs and symptoms are present, distinguishing it from other stages of infection.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is admitting a patient with an infectious disease process. Which question will be most appropriate for a nurse to ask about the patient’s susceptibility to this infectious process?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Do you have a chronic disease?" This question is most appropriate as chronic diseases can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infectious diseases. Susceptibility is linked to underlying health conditions. Choice A is irrelevant to susceptibility. Choice C focuses on family members, not the patient's own susceptibility. Choice D is unrelated to the patient's susceptibility to the infectious process.
Question 5 of 5
Which interventions utilized by the nurse will indicate the ability to recognize a localized inflammatory response?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rest, ice, and elevation. This intervention indicates the ability to recognize a localized inflammatory response because it follows the RICE method commonly used for managing inflammation. Rest helps reduce further tissue damage, ice reduces inflammation by constricting blood vessels, and elevation reduces swelling by promoting fluid drainage. A: Vigorous range-of-motion exercises are not appropriate for a localized inflammatory response as they can exacerbate the inflammation and cause further damage. B: Turn, cough, and deep breathe are helpful for preventing respiratory complications but do not directly address a localized inflammatory response. C: Orienting to date, time, and place is important for assessing mental status and orientation but does not directly indicate recognition of a localized inflammatory response.