A feature of Turner syndrome is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Turner syndrome is a genetic condition that only affects females, characterized by the absence of part or all of one of the X chromosomes. The correct answer is A) Short stature. This is a hallmark feature of Turner syndrome, with affected individuals typically having short stature and a lack of normal growth spurts during puberty due to ovarian failure. Option B) Polydactyly refers to having extra fingers or toes, which is not a characteristic feature of Turner syndrome. Option C) Congenital heart defects are not specific to Turner syndrome but can be present in some cases. However, short stature is more commonly associated with Turner syndrome. Option D) Mental retardation is not a typical feature of Turner syndrome. Individuals with Turner syndrome usually have normal intelligence, but may experience learning disabilities or difficulties with spatial relationships. Educational context: Understanding the clinical manifestations of genetic disorders like Turner syndrome is crucial for pediatric nurses caring for affected children. Recognizing the key features of Turner syndrome, such as short stature, helps in early identification, appropriate management, and providing necessary support to optimize the child's growth and development. Nurses play a vital role in the multidisciplinary team caring for children with genetic conditions, making accurate knowledge of such conditions essential in delivering quality pediatric care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and cardiovascular disorders, understanding the impact of acute graft-versus-host reaction on organ systems is crucial. The correct answer is A) Skin. In acute graft-versus-host reaction, the donor's immune cells attack the recipient's tissues, particularly affecting organs with high cellular turnover like the skin. Option B) Renal system is incorrect because acute graft-versus-host reaction typically does not primarily target the kidneys. Option C) Gut is incorrect as well, although gastrointestinal symptoms can occur, the skin is more prominently affected. Option D) CNS is also incorrect as the central nervous system is not a chief organ system affected in this type of reaction. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing the manifestations of acute graft-versus-host reaction in pediatric patients, particularly the dermatologic symptoms. Understanding the specific organ systems involved can guide nursing interventions and help provide holistic care to these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and cardiovascular disorders, understanding the effects of bulimia nervosa on a patient's health is crucial. The correct answer, option B, "Patients may get hypokalemia," is the most relevant in this scenario. Bulimia nervosa, characterized by binge-eating followed by purging behaviors, can lead to electrolyte imbalances, including hypokalemia, due to repeated vomiting or laxative abuse. This can have serious cardiovascular implications such as arrhythmias and cardiac arrest, making it essential for nurses to monitor and address this complication in pediatric patients with bulimia nervosa. Option A, "Review of teeth may aid diagnosis," is incorrect as dental issues like erosion of tooth enamel are more commonly associated with bulimia nervosa, rather than aiding in diagnosis. Option C, "Patients are likely to neglect their appearance," while a common stereotype, is not a typical characteristic of bulimia nervosa and can lead to misconceptions and stigmatization. Option D, "There is an association with calluses on the dorsum of hands," is more indicative of a behavior like self-induced vomiting in disorders like bulimia nervosa, but it is not as directly linked to the cardiovascular complications that hypokalemia can cause. In an educational context, it is important for pediatric nurses to have a comprehensive understanding of eating disorders like bulimia nervosa, their potential complications, and appropriate interventions to provide holistic care to their patients. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia in patients with bulimia nervosa is essential for early detection and effective management to prevent serious cardiovascular consequences.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and cardiovascular disorders, understanding child development is crucial for providing appropriate care. In this question, the correct answer is D) Demonstrate symbolic play. At 36 months, a child is typically in the preschool age range where symbolic play emerges. Symbolic play involves using objects, actions, or ideas to represent other objects, actions, or ideas. This developmental milestone is important as it reflects cognitive growth and imagination. Option A) Building a tower of 5 cubes is more aligned with fine motor skills and spatial awareness, not necessarily a cognitive developmental milestone at 36 months. Option B) Repeating back 5 digits involves working memory and language skills, which are important but not typically expected at this developmental stage. Option C) Drawing a man with a head and body involves fine motor skills and basic artistic abilities, but it is not as indicative of cognitive development as symbolic play. Educationally, understanding developmental milestones in children is essential for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations. Recognizing age-appropriate behaviors helps in assessing a child's growth and development, identifying any potential concerns early, and planning interventions or support as needed. This knowledge enhances the quality of care provided to pediatric patients and promotes optimal outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and cardiovascular disorders, understanding the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children is crucial for providing holistic care. Option A, stating that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders is higher in urban than in rural areas, is correct. This is supported by research showing that factors like socioeconomic status, access to mental health services, and environmental stressors in urban settings contribute to higher rates of psychiatric disorders in children. Option B, stating that psychiatric disorders are increased in children with moderate learning difficulties, is incorrect. While there may be a correlation between learning difficulties and psychiatric disorders, it is not a definitive relationship, and children with learning difficulties may or may not have psychiatric disorders. Option C, suggesting that psychiatric disorders are increased in severe physical disability, is also incorrect. While children with severe physical disabilities may face unique challenges that can impact their mental health, the presence of a physical disability alone does not necessarily lead to a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders. Option D, claiming that psychiatric disorders are higher in children in social service care, is also incorrect. While children in social service care may face adversity and trauma that can contribute to mental health issues, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in this population is not universally higher than in other groups of children. Educationally, understanding the social determinants of health and how they influence the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in pediatric populations is essential for nurses caring for children with cardiovascular disorders. This knowledge can help nurses provide more comprehensive and individualized care that addresses not only physical health but also mental and emotional well-being.