A family history of allergic disease is often present in atopic patients. If one parent has allergies, the risk that a child will develop an allergic disease is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) 50%. When one parent has allergies, the risk that a child will develop an allergic disease is 50%. This is because allergies have a genetic component, and if one parent has allergies, there is a 50% chance that the child will inherit the genetic predisposition for allergic diseases. Option A) 15%, Option B) 25%, and Option C) 35% are incorrect because they underestimate the influence of genetics on the development of allergies in children. Allergies are known to have a strong genetic component, and having one parent with allergies significantly increases the likelihood of a child developing allergic diseases. In an educational context, understanding the link between family history and allergic diseases is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. By recognizing the increased risk associated with a family history of allergies, healthcare professionals can provide more targeted prevention strategies and early interventions to help manage and reduce the impact of allergic diseases in children. This knowledge is also essential for nurses and other healthcare professionals preparing for the Pediatric NCLEX exam, as it assesses their understanding of genetic factors influencing pediatric health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Intranasal corticosteroids are primarily used to treat inflammation in the nasal passages, making them effective for symptoms like nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing. However, they are less helpful for symptoms like conjunctival injection, which is redness and inflammation of the eye's conjunctiva. Conjunctival injection is a sign of allergic conjunctivitis, which involves inflammation of the conjunctiva due to allergens. While intranasal corticosteroids can help with nasal symptoms related to allergies, they are not as effective in addressing symptoms specifically affecting the eyes. In an educational context, understanding the specific uses and limitations of medications is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially when dealing with pediatric patients who may present with a range of symptoms. This question highlights the importance of knowing the appropriate indications for intranasal corticosteroids and the need to consider alternative treatments for symptoms outside of their primary scope of action.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In managing atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients, identifying and avoiding irritants is crucial for effective treatment. The correct answer is A) soaps. Soaps can strip the skin of its natural oils, leading to dryness and irritation, exacerbating the symptoms of atopic dermatitis. Option B) wool is a common misconception as an irritant, but it is not as prevalent as soaps in triggering atopic dermatitis. In fact, some types of wool can be soft and non-irritating to the skin. Option C) food allergens can exacerbate atopic dermatitis in some individuals, but the most common irritant to avoid is soaps. Option D) dust mites are more commonly associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma, rather than being a direct irritant for atopic dermatitis. In an educational context, understanding common irritants for atopic dermatitis is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. By identifying and educating patients and their families about avoiding irritants like soaps, healthcare providers can help manage and improve the symptoms of atopic dermatitis, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for pediatric patients affected by this condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In acute rheumatic fever (ARF), the most common clinical feature at presentation is arthritis. This is because ARF commonly affects the joints, leading to symptoms such as joint pain, swelling, and limited range of motion. Arthritis is a key diagnostic criterion for ARF and is typically migratory in nature, affecting different joints at different times. Carditis is another major manifestation of ARF, but it usually occurs later in the disease course. Carditis involves inflammation of the heart, leading to symptoms such as chest pain, heart murmur, and shortness of breath. Erythema marginatum and subcutaneous nodules are less common clinical features of ARF and are not typically present at the initial presentation of the disease. Educationally, understanding the clinical features of ARF is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients as it helps in early recognition and appropriate management of the condition. By knowing that arthritis is the most common presentation of ARF, nurses can promptly initiate treatment and prevent further complications associated with the disease. This knowledge enhances patient outcomes and reduces the risk of long-term cardiac complications that can arise from untreated ARF.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Influenza. Administering the influenza vaccine to pregnant women not only protects the mother from flu-related complications but also provides passive immunity to the newborn, reducing the risk of influenza in the infant for the first few months of life. This is crucial as infants under 6 months are too young to receive the influenza vaccine themselves. Option A) Hepatitis B is important for pregnant women to prevent transmission to the infant but does not directly protect the infant from disease in the first few months of life. Option C) Measles and Option D) Meningococcal B vaccines are not routinely given to pregnant women for infant protection. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind administering specific vaccines during pregnancy is essential for healthcare providers working with pregnant women and infants. It emphasizes the concept of maternal immunization as a strategy to confer passive immunity to protect vulnerable newborns during the early months of life when they are most susceptible to infections.