ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A drug that has both affinity and intrinsic activity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A drug that has both affinity and intrinsic activity is known as a partial agonist. Affinity refers to the drug's ability to bind to a receptor, while intrinsic activity is the drug's ability to activate the receptor and produce a response. A partial agonist binds to the receptor with affinity but only activates the receptor to a partial extent compared to a full agonist. This results in a less potent response compared to a full agonist but also blocks the full agonist's effects, making it act as an antagonist in the presence of a full agonist. In summary, a drug that has both affinity and intrinsic activity is classified as a partial agonist because it binds to the receptor and activates it but to a lesser extent than a full agonist.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse assumes care of a patient in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). The patient had abdominal surgery and is receiving intravenous morphine sulfate for pain. The patient is asleep and has not voided since prior to surgery. The nurse assesses a respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute and notes hypoactive bowel sounds. The nurse will contact the surgeon primarily to report which condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most critical condition that the nurse should report to the surgeon in this scenario is respiratory depression. Respiratory depression is a potential side effect of opioid medications such as morphine sulfate. It is characterized by a decreased respiratory rate, which in this case, is 10 breaths per minute, indicating inadequate ventilation. Respiratory depression can lead to hypoxia and respiratory arrest if not promptly addressed. The nurse should prioritize notifying the surgeon to ensure immediate intervention and appropriate monitoring to prevent further complications for the patient. While the other conditions (paralytic ileus, somnolence, and urinary retention) are also relevant to the patient's care, respiratory depression poses the most immediate threat to the patient's safety and requires urgent attention.
Question 3 of 5
A 13-year-old boy with moderate asthma presents to the clinic for follow-up. His symptoms appear to be better controlled since adding salmeterol to his regimen. He has had to use his rescue inhaler once over the past 2 weeks during exertion. His breathing at night has improved as well. How does salmeterol exhibit its beneficial effects for asthma?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Salmeterol improves asthma as a long-acting β2-agonist , relaxing bronchial smooth muscle for 12 hours. β1 agonism (A, C) affects the heart. β1 antagonism or β2 antagonism (E) worsen asthma. Salmeterol's specificity enhances control.
Question 4 of 5
A patient being seen for skin concerns asks, 'What do keratolytic drugs remove?' What is the nurse’s best response?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Keratolytic drugs, such as salicylic acid, work by softening and removing the horny layer of the epidermis, which consists of dead skin cells. This helps treat conditions like psoriasis, warts, and calluses. They do not target the dermis (A), erythematous lesions (C), or hair follicles (D).
Question 5 of 5
For a drug that obeys first-order (linear) kinetics and fits a one-compartment model for elimination:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For first-order kinetics, the rate of elimination is directly proportional to plasma drug concentration, ensuring constant percentage clearance over time.