ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Assessment 2 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A drug has been prescribed to decrease the effects of an endogenous chemical. The nurse would place this drug in which category?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antagonists block endogenous chemicals' effects (e.g., beta-blockers vs. adrenaline), reducing activity. Agonists mimic, partial agonists partially activate, and agonist-antagonists mix effects. Decreasing an endogenous effect fits antagonists, a pharmacodynamic classification.
Question 2 of 5
A 48-year-old man presents to the emergency department in the morning with urticaria and difficulty breathing following a bee sting received while gardening. He is treated, recovers, and is sent home. Later that evening, his symptoms return and he is treated again in the emergency department. He denies having been stung again. What should have been given to this patient to avoid his return to the emergency department?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Recurrent allergic symptoms post-bee sting suggest ongoing inflammation. Prednisolone , a corticosteroid, reduces late-phase reactions. Diphenhydramine and Loratadine treat acute symptoms. Epinephrine is for anaphylaxis but short-acting. Prednisolone prevents biphasic reactions, avoiding his return.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with a history of pancreatitis and cirrhosis is also being treated for hypertension. Which drug will most likely be ordered for this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Given the patient's medical history of pancreatitis and cirrhosis, both conditions can affect the functioning of the liver and potentially interact with medications that are metabolized by the liver. Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which is often a preferred choice for patients with liver disease as it has minimal hepatic metabolism. This decreased reliance on hepatic metabolism makes captopril a safer choice for this patient compared to other antihypertensive medications that may cause liver-related complications. Additionally, ACE inhibitors like captopril are commonly used in patients with hypertension to help reduce blood pressure and protect against further complications related to cardiovascular health.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following antibacterials is most suitable for treatment of a lower urinary tract infection in a 28-year-old woman who is 10 weeks pregnant?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: UTI in pregnancy needs safe, effective antibiotics. Amoxicillin, a penicillin, is safe (category B), effective against common pathogens (e.g., E. coli), and suitable in early pregnancy. Trimethoprim risks folate antagonism, avoided in first trimester. Tetracycline causes fetal bone/teeth damage, contraindicated. Erythromycin and flucloxacillin are less targeted for UTI. Amoxicillin's safety and efficacy make it ideal, protecting mother and fetus.
Question 5 of 5
When monitoring a patient for signs of hypokalemia, the nurse looks for what early sign?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Muscle weakness is an early sign of hypokalemia. Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining proper muscle function, so low potassium levels can lead to muscle weakness and fatigue. As potassium is essential for nerve impulses and muscle contractions, a decrease in potassium can impair muscle strength and function. Therefore, when monitoring a patient for signs of hypokalemia, the nurse should look for muscle weakness as an early indicator. Seizures, cardiac dysrhythmias, and diarrhea are potential complications that can occur if hypokalemia is severe and left untreated.