A drug ending in the suffix (navir) is considered a ______.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protease inhibitor. Drugs ending in the suffix (navir) are commonly used to inhibit protease enzymes in viruses, particularly in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Protease inhibitors disrupt viral replication by preventing the cleavage of viral proteins, thus inhibiting the production of new infectious viral particles. Choice A, Antidepressant, is incorrect as drugs used to treat depression usually end in (ine) or (pram). Choice C, Beta antagonist, is incorrect as drugs affecting beta receptors typically end in (olol) or (lol). Choice D, H antagonist, is incorrect as drugs targeting histamine receptors usually end in (ine) or (idine).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: CaEDTA. Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CaEDTA) is a chelating agent used to treat lead poisoning by binding to lead ions in the bloodstream and enhancing their excretion through urine. It forms stable complexes with lead, reducing its toxicity. Naloxone (A) is an opioid receptor antagonist, used to reverse opioid overdose. Nitrite (B) is used in cyanide poisoning. Dialysis (D) is not effective in removing lead from the body as lead is not effectively dialyzable.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C (Isoniazid) Rationale: 1. Isoniazid is known to cause drug-induced hepatitis due to its hepatotoxic effects. 2. It can lead to liver inflammation, causing hepatitis as a reaction. 3. Regular monitoring of liver function tests is essential when using isoniazid. Summary of other choices: A. Valproic acid: Can cause hepatotoxicity but not specifically linked to hepatitis. B. Quinidine: Mainly known for cardiac side effects, not commonly associated with hepatitis. D. Ethosuximide: Primarily used for treating absence seizures, not typically associated with hepatitis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker primarily used to treat angina, arrhythmias, and hypertension due to its vasodilatory effect. However, it does not treat fluid retention as it does not have diuretic properties. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choice A, B, and C are incorrect because nifedipine is commonly used to manage these conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver. Warfarin is primarily metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. The liver is responsible for breaking down and activating many drugs, including Warfarin. It is where the drug's metabolism and effects are most significant. The other choices are incorrect because Warfarin's main site of activity is in the liver, not the kidney, blood, or heart. The kidney mainly excretes the drug, while the blood carries it throughout the body, and the heart is not directly involved in Warfarin's metabolism.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sexual dysfunction. Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that primarily causes vasodilation by relaxing blood vessels. Sexual dysfunction is not a common side effect associated with Nifedipine use. Nausea, flushed appearance, and vertigo are potential side effects of Nifedipine due to its mechanism of action on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, D is the correct choice as it does not align with the expected side effects of Nifedipine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Insomnia. Levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone replacement medication used to treat hypothyroidism. An overdose of levothyroxine can lead to hyperthyroidism symptoms, such as insomnia. This occurs due to an excess of thyroid hormone in the body, which can increase metabolism and disrupt sleep patterns. The other choices (B: Constipation, C: Drowsiness, D: Hypoactive deep-tendon reflexes) are not typical manifestations of a levothyroxine overdose. Constipation and drowsiness are more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, the condition being treated with levothyroxine. Hypoactive deep-tendon reflexes are not a typical symptom of either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Antifungal. Drugs ending in the suffix (azole) are commonly used to treat fungal infections. The suffix indicates that the drug belongs to the azole class, which specifically targets fungal pathogens by inhibiting their growth. Therefore, a drug ending in (azole) is classified as an antifungal medication. Summary of other choices: A: H - Incorrect. There is no pharmacological relevance to the suffix (azole) in relation to the letter H. B: ACE inhibitor - Incorrect. Drugs ending in (pril) are commonly ACE inhibitors, not those ending in (azole). D: Beta agonist - Incorrect. Drugs ending in (ol) or (olol) are typically beta agonists, not those ending in (azole).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Penicillamine. Penicillamine is a chelating agent that binds to copper and forms a complex that can be excreted from the body, making it an effective antidote for copper toxicity. Glucagon (A) is used for treating hypoglycemia, aminocaproic acid (B) is used to treat excessive bleeding, and atropine (C) is used to treat bradycardia and organophosphate poisoning, none of which are related to copper toxicity.