ATI RN
Cardiovascular Inflammation Drug Questions
Question 1 of 5
A drug blocks the attachment of norepinephrine to 1 receptors. The patient may experience:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: orthostatic hypotension. Blocking norepinephrine from binding to alpha-1 receptors would result in decreased vasoconstriction, leading to a drop in blood pressure upon standing (orthostatic hypotension). A is incorrect as hypertensive crisis would not occur due to reduced norepinephrine action. C is incorrect as appetite disturbance is not a typical effect of alpha-1 receptor blockage. D is incorrect as an increase in psychotic symptoms is not directly related to norepinephrine-α1 receptor interaction.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is undergoing abdominal surgery and has been anesthetized for 3 hours. Which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate for this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Impaired gas exchange related to central nervous system depression produced by general anesthesia. During abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, the patient's central nervous system is depressed, leading to impaired gas exchange. This is due to decreased respiratory drive and potential airway obstruction. It is essential for the nurse to monitor the patient's respiratory rate, depth, and oxygen saturation to prevent respiratory complications. Choice A (Anxiety related to the use of an anesthetic) is incorrect because anxiety is not a priority nursing diagnosis during surgery under anesthesia. Choice B (Risk for injury related to increased sensorium from general anesthesia) is incorrect as general anesthesia actually decreases sensorium, reducing the risk for injury. Choice C (Decreased cardiac output related to systemic effects of local anesthesia) is incorrect as local anesthesia does not typically affect cardiac output during abdominal surgery under general anesthesia.
Question 3 of 5
A patient who has been taking antihypertensive drugs for a few months complains of having a persistent dry cough. The nurse knows that this cough is an adverse effect of which class of antihypertensive drugs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. ACE inhibitors can cause a persistent dry cough as an adverse effect due to the accumulation of bradykinin, a substance that causes coughing. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Beta blockers are not known to cause persistent dry cough. C: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are less likely to cause cough compared to ACE inhibitors. D: Calcium channel blockers are not associated with causing a dry cough.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has received an overdose of intravenous heparin, and is showing signs of excessive bleeding. Which substance is the antidote for heparin overdose?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct antidote for heparin overdose is protamine sulfate. Protamine sulfate acts by binding to heparin to form a stable salt complex, neutralizing the anticoagulant effects of heparin. Vitamin E (Choice A) and vitamin K (Choice B) are not antidotes for heparin overdose. Vitamin E is an antioxidant, and vitamin K is essential for blood clotting but is not used as an antidote for heparin. Potassium chloride (Choice D) is used to treat hypokalemia, not heparin overdose. Therefore, the correct choice is protamine sulfate as it directly counteracts the effects of heparin overdose.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the medication administration record of a patient who is taking isoniazid (INH). Which drug or drug class has a significant drug interaction with isoniazid?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: phenytoin (Dilantin) has a significant drug interaction with isoniazid. Phenytoin is a substrate of the enzyme CYP2C9, which is inhibited by isoniazid, leading to increased phenytoin levels and potential toxicity. Pyridoxine (A) is often given with isoniazid to prevent peripheral neuropathy. Penicillins (B) do not have significant interactions with isoniazid. Benzodiazepines (D) are not metabolized through CYP2C9 and therefore do not interact significantly with isoniazid.