A diuretic

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increases urine formation. Diuretics work by increasing urine production in the kidneys, leading to the removal of excess fluid and salts from the body. This helps to reduce blood pressure and treat conditions like edema and heart failure. Choice B is incorrect because diuretics actually increase urine output. Choice C is incorrect as diuretics can lead to potassium depletion rather than an increase. Choice D is incorrect because diuretics reduce fluid volume in the body by increasing urine formation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C - a draining wound. A sterile dressing is necessary for a draining wound to prevent infection and promote healing. Step 1: A paper cut (Choice A) is a minor wound that does not require a sterile dressing. Step 2: An intact wound (Choice B) does not need a sterile dressing unless there is a risk of infection. Step 3: A clean dry wound (Choice D) also does not require a sterile dressing unless there is a change in the wound status. Overall, a draining wound poses a higher risk of infection, making it essential to apply a sterile dressing to maintain a clean environment and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny grape-like sacs within the lungs where gas exchange occurs. They are essential for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during respiration. Atria (choice A) are chambers of the heart, not found in the lungs. Axilla (choice B) refers to the armpit region, unrelated to lung anatomy. Arteries (choice C) are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, not within the lungs. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it directly relates to the structure and function of the respiratory system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by fragile bones due to low bone density, making them more susceptible to fractures from minor movements. Simple activities like turning in bed or sitting down can lead to fractures in individuals with osteoporosis. Osteoarthritis (A) is a degenerative joint disease, not directly related to fractures. Bursitis (B) is inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints, not typically associated with fractures. Tuberculosis (D) is a bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs, unrelated to bone health or fractures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Insulin reaction. Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels, which can occur in individuals who take insulin or certain diabetes medications. An insulin reaction happens when blood sugar drops too low, causing symptoms like confusion, sweating, and weakness. Peripheral neuropathy (A) is nerve damage often seen in diabetes, not specifically related to low blood sugar. Diabetic retinopathy (C) is a complication affecting the eyes in diabetes, not directly related to low blood sugar. Hypothyroidism (D) is a condition caused by an underactive thyroid gland, not related to blood sugar levels.