A diuretic

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a diuretic works by increasing urine formation in the kidneys, leading to increased excretion of water and electrolytes. This helps reduce fluid volume in the body by promoting the removal of excess fluids. Choice B is incorrect because diuretics actually increase urine output, not decrease it. Choice C is incorrect because some diuretics may lead to potassium loss rather than increase potassium levels. Choice D is incorrect because diuretics work by reducing fluid volume through increased urine formation, not by directly reducing fluid volume.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A draining wound. Sterile dressings are necessary for draining wounds to prevent infection and promote proper healing. Draining wounds have an increased risk of contamination, making the use of sterile dressings essential. Choice A, a paper cut, typically does not require a sterile dressing as it is a minor wound. Choice B, an intact wound, does not require a sterile dressing unless there is a risk of infection. Choice D, a clean dry wound, also does not require a sterile dressing as long as it remains clean and dry. In summary, choice C is correct because draining wounds require sterile dressings to prevent infection, while the other choices do not necessarily require sterile dressings unless there are specific risk factors present.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny grape-like sacs within the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen is taken in from the air and carbon dioxide is released. Atria (A) are chambers in the heart, not the lungs. Axilla (B) refers to the armpit area. Arteries (C) are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, not within the lungs. So, the correct answer is D because alveoli are specifically responsible for gas exchange in the lungs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a bone disorder characterized by weakened bones, making them more prone to fractures from simple movements. The decreased bone density in osteoporosis leads to increased fragility. Turning in bed or sitting down can apply stress to the bones, resulting in fractures. Osteoarthritis (A) is a joint disorder, not directly related to bone fragility. Bursitis (B) is inflammation of the bursae, not directly linked to fractures. Tuberculosis (D) is a bacterial infection, not associated with bone fragility.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Insulin reaction. Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels, often caused by excessive insulin. Insulin reaction is a common term for hypoglycemia due to the body's response to insulin. Peripheral neuropathy (A) is nerve damage, not related to low blood sugar. Diabetic retinopathy (C) is an eye condition caused by diabetes, not low blood sugar. Hypothyroidism (D) is a condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone, unrelated to blood sugar levels. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it directly relates to low blood sugar levels.