A desired outcome for a 12-year-old diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is to improve relationships with other children. Which treatment modality should the nurse suggest for the plan of care?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate treatment modality for a 12-year-old diagnosed with ADHD to improve relationships with other children is option C) Social skills group. This choice is correct because social skills groups are specifically designed to help individuals, especially children, develop and enhance their social interaction abilities. Social skills groups provide a structured and supportive environment where children can learn and practice essential social skills such as effective communication, active listening, empathy, conflict resolution, and cooperation. These skills are crucial for building and maintaining positive relationships with peers. Option A, Reality therapy, focuses more on personal responsibility and making choices, which may not directly address the social skills deficits that are common in individuals with ADHD. Option B, Simple restitution, typically involves making amends for a wrongdoing and is not directly related to improving social skills. Option D, Insight-oriented group therapy, delves into deeper emotional issues and self-awareness, which may not be the most effective approach for addressing the specific goal of improving social relationships in this case. For educational context, it is important for healthcare professionals, including nurses, to understand the specific needs of individuals with ADHD and tailor treatment approaches accordingly. Social skills deficits are common in children with ADHD, and interventions like social skills groups can play a vital role in helping them navigate social interactions successfully. By participating in a social skills group, the child can learn and practice essential social skills in a supportive setting, ultimately improving their relationships with peers and boosting their overall social functioning.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Give your child a kiss before you leave the preschool program. This response is the best choice because it promotes a sense of security and comfort for the child during the transition of separation. By offering a kiss goodbye, the parents are reassuring the child of their love and presence, which can help ease the child's anxiety and build trust in the parents' return. Option A) Ask the teacher to let the child call you at playtime may not be the best approach as it can disrupt the child's routine at school and may not address the underlying issue of separation anxiety. Option B) Withdrawing the child from preschool until maturity increases is not recommended as exposure to situations that trigger anxiety is essential for the child's growth and development. Avoiding the situation altogether may reinforce the child's fear and hinder their ability to cope with separation. Option C) Remaining with your child for the first hour of preschool time may provide temporary relief but does not teach the child how to manage their emotions independently. It is important for children to learn how to cope with separation in a gradual and supportive manner. In an educational context, understanding how to support children experiencing separation anxiety is crucial for parents and caregivers. By choosing the appropriate response, adults can help children develop resilience and coping strategies that will benefit their emotional well-being in the long run.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Impulsivity. In this scenario, the behaviors described - inability to take turns, blurting out answers, and interrupting others - are characteristic of impulsivity, which is a key symptom in conditions like Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Option A) Disobedience is incorrect because the behaviors are not simply willful defiance or intentional disobedience, but rather impulsivity driven by underlying neurobiological factors. Option B) Hyperactivity is incorrect because the behaviors described do not specifically indicate excessive physical activity or restlessness, which are more indicative of the hyperactive component of ADHD. Option D) Anxiety is incorrect because the behaviors described are not primarily driven by feelings of apprehension or worry, which are central to anxiety disorders. Educationally, understanding the nuances of behavioral manifestations in psychobiologic disorders like ADHD is crucial for healthcare professionals working with children. Recognizing and accurately documenting symptoms such as impulsivity can lead to appropriate interventions and support for the child. It is essential to differentiate between behaviors stemming from different underlying causes to provide effective care and support for the child's specific needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct response is option C: "Tics often change frequency or severity. That doesn't mean they aren't real." This response is accurate because it provides education and reassurance to the parent about the nature of Tourette's disorder. Tics associated with Tourette's can indeed vary in frequency and intensity over time, so fluctuations in symptoms do not necessarily indicate that the child is faking the tics. By explaining this to the parent, the nurse can help foster understanding and acceptance of the condition. Option A: "Perhaps your child was misdiagnosed." This response is incorrect because it undermines the validity of the diagnosis without any evidence to support it. It may also lead to unnecessary doubt and confusion for the parent. Option B: "Your observation indicates the medication is effective." This response is incorrect because it assumes that changes in tic frequency are solely due to medication effectiveness, which may not always be the case. It overlooks the natural course of the disorder and could misinform the parent. Option D: "This finding is unexpected. How have you been administering your child's medication?" This response is incorrect as it focuses on medication administration rather than addressing the parent's concern about the authenticity of the tics. It does not provide the necessary information or reassurance about the nature of Tourette's disorder. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to not only provide accurate information but also to offer support and understanding to families dealing with psychobiologic disorders. By addressing misconceptions and providing clear explanations, nurses can help parents better navigate and manage their child's condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Individuals with moderate intellectual developmental disorder progress academically to about the second grade. These people can learn to travel in familiar areas and perform unskilled or semiskilled work. With supervision, the person can function in the community, but independent living is not likely.