A deficiency of ADH most likely:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) regulates water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. 2. A deficiency of ADH leads to decreased water reabsorption, resulting in increased urine output (polyuria). 3. Polyuria causes dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and concentrated urine. 4. Elevated blood glucose levels (choice A) and diabetes mellitus (choice B) are not directly related to ADH deficiency. 5. Expanding blood volume (choice D) would not occur due to decreased water reabsorption. Summary: A deficiency of ADH most likely induces polyuria by decreasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Elevated blood glucose levels, diabetes mellitus, and expanding blood volume are not direct consequences of ADH deficiency.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because insulin does not increase the generation of ketone bodies. Insulin actually inhibits ketogenesis by promoting glucose utilization and storage, preventing the breakdown of fats for energy. A, B, and C are all characteristics of insulin's function: A) Insulin increases glucose transport into the cell to lower blood glucose levels; B) It suppresses gluconeogenesis, the production of new glucose in the liver; C) Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose in cells.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because endocrine glands are ductless and release hormones directly into the bloodstream to reach target organs, while exocrine glands release their secretions through ducts onto the body's surface or into specific locations. This distinction is crucial as it highlights the mode of transportation of their secretions. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because exocrine glands do not release waste; they release enzymes, sweat, etc. Exocrine glands can be formed by various types of tissues, not just connective tissue. Additionally, exocrine glands do not necessarily act completely independently; they can be part of a system or network but still release their secretions through ducts.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, increasing blood glucose levels. Glucagon does not slow down glucose formation from lactic acid (B), decrease glycogen conversion (C), or speed up protein synthesis (D). Glucagon's primary function is to raise blood glucose levels in response to low blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: negative feedback system. In a negative feedback system, the body's response to a stimulus works to counteract the initial stimulus, bringing the body back to its set point. In the context of the question, hormone release stops when the stimulus is satisfied, which is characteristic of a negative feedback system. A: Positive feedback system amplifies the initial stimulus rather than counteracting it. C: Lock and key system refers to how enzymes bind to specific substrates, not related to hormone regulation. D: Solar system is unrelated to physiological processes.