A deathly ill patient from a culture different than the nurse’s is admitted. Which question is appropriate to help the nurse provide culturally competent care?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is option D, "Do you have any preferences for what happens if you are dying?" This question is appropriate because it allows the nurse to understand the patient's cultural beliefs and preferences regarding end-of-life care. Culturally competent care involves respecting and integrating the patient's cultural values into their care plan. Option A, "If you die, will you want an autopsy?" is inappropriate as it is direct and insensitive, lacking cultural sensitivity and respect for the patient's beliefs. Option B, "Are you interested in learning about palliative or hospice care?" assumes the patient's preferences without allowing them to express their own beliefs. Option C, "Are you interested in learning about palliative or hospice care?" is also limiting as it assumes the patient's interest without exploring their individual cultural perspectives. In an educational context, understanding cultural competence in healthcare is crucial for providing patient-centered care. Nurses need to be sensitive to patients' cultural beliefs and practices to provide holistic care that respects individual preferences and values. Asking open-ended questions like the one in option D fosters communication, builds trust, and ensures that care is tailored to the patient's unique cultural background.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) To reduce postoperative swelling. After carpal tunnel surgery, it is essential to keep the hand and arm elevated above the heart level to reduce swelling in the operated area. Elevation helps to promote venous return and decreases the accumulation of fluid in the tissues, which in turn minimizes swelling and aids in the healing process. Option A) To reduce lymphatic drainage is incorrect because elevation actually helps to improve lymphatic drainage by reducing fluid build-up in the tissues. Option B) To restrict hand movements is incorrect as the primary purpose of elevation is to reduce swelling and promote healing, not to restrict movements. Option C) To decrease the possibility of nosocomial infection is also incorrect as elevating the hand and arm above the heart level is not directly related to preventing infection; proper hygiene and wound care are more critical in preventing nosocomial infections. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind postoperative care instructions is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide optimal care to patients. By knowing the reason behind specific interventions such as keeping the hand and arm elevated after carpal tunnel surgery, healthcare providers can effectively explain the importance to patients like Anne, ensuring compliance and promoting successful recovery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of treating chronic hepatitis C, the correct answer is B) Interferon and ribavirin. Interferon and ribavirin are the standard antiviral medications used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Interferon helps the body's immune system fight the virus, while ribavirin is a nucleoside analog that inhibits viral replication. Option A) Sulfasalazine is not used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Sulfasalazine is primarily used to treat inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Option C) Metronidazole or ciprofloxacin are antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections, not viral infections like hepatitis C. Option D) Acetaminophen is a pain reliever and fever reducer but has no direct antiviral activity against hepatitis C. Educationally, it is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of the appropriate medications for treating chronic hepatitis C to ensure optimal patient outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms of action and appropriate use of antiviral medications like interferon and ribavirin is crucial in managing patients with hepatitis C effectively. Awareness of the ineffectiveness of other medications like sulfasalazine, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and acetaminophen in treating hepatitis C is vital to avoid inappropriate prescribing and potential harm to patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Passage of red or maroon-colored stool. Hematochezia refers to the passage of fresh blood in the stool, which presents as red or maroon-colored stool. This indicates lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Option A) Vomiting of bright red or maroon blood describes hematemesis, which is associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Option B) Passage of black, tarry stool describes melena, indicating digested blood in the stool from upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Option D) Coffee ground emesis is also related to upper gastrointestinal bleeding and not hematochezia. Educationally, understanding the different presentations of gastrointestinal bleeding is crucial for healthcare professionals, as it guides appropriate diagnostic and treatment interventions. Recognizing the specific symptoms can help determine the location and severity of the bleeding, leading to better patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Helping him identify triggers that cause asthmatic attacks and showing him how to avoid them. This response is the most appropriate because it focuses on asthma management through trigger identification and avoidance. By understanding what triggers the son's asthma attacks, the father can take proactive steps to minimize exposure to those triggers, thereby reducing the likelihood of future attacks. Option A is incorrect because asthmatic attacks can indeed be prevented or minimized through proper management strategies. Asserting that they cannot be prevented is inaccurate and may lead to a sense of helplessness in the father. Option B is incorrect as changing medication should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional. It is not something that should be suggested without proper assessment and consultation. Option C is incorrect as moving to a dry climate is not a practical or evidence-based solution for preventing asthma attacks. Environmental factors differ from person to person, and triggers can exist in various climates. In an educational context, it is crucial to empower individuals with the knowledge and skills to manage chronic conditions like asthma effectively. By teaching patients and their families about trigger identification and avoidance, healthcare providers can help improve the quality of life for those with asthma and reduce the frequency and severity of attacks.