A consumer is learning about electronic health records at a local health fair and states, "I am worried that someone can read my health information and I really don't understand the difference between privacy and confidentiality." The nurse explains that an example of confidentiality would be:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because locking medical records in cabinets to prevent unauthorized users from accessing patient information exemplifies confidentiality. This practice ensures that only authorized individuals have access to sensitive health data, maintaining patient privacy. Choice A is about a pledge of confidentiality, not an actual practice. Choices B and C involve patients withholding information, which is related to privacy but not confidentiality.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Policy is based on data, which provides the groundwork for decision making. This is the correct answer because the scenario describes the policy committee using statistics about patient satisfaction and recidivism rates to make recommendations for a patient education plan. By utilizing data, the committee is following the IOM 2011 message of basing decisions on evidence and information. A: Nurses achieving higher levels of education is not directly related to the scenario and the committee's decision-making process. B: The requirement of a master's degree for nurses on policy committees is not mentioned in the scenario and is not relevant to the decision-making process described. C: Comparing nurse pay to physicians' pay is not relevant to the scenario or the IOM 2011 message of using data for decision making.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: cost shifting. Cost shifting refers to the practice of healthcare providers charging higher prices to patients who have insurance or can pay in order to make up for the costs incurred from providing care to uninsured or underinsured individuals. This helps offset the financial burden caused by uncompensated care. A: Charity is incorrect because it refers to voluntary giving of help, typically in the form of money or goods, to those in need. Cost shifting involves charging more to certain patients to cover costs, rather than voluntary donations. C: Price sharing is incorrect as it does not accurately reflect the concept of redistributing costs among different groups of patients based on their ability to pay. D: Governmental reimbursement is incorrect because it specifically refers to payments made by the government to healthcare providers for services rendered to patients covered by government insurance programs, not the practice of cost shifting.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Watson's Theory of Caring. This theory emphasizes the importance of caring relationships in nursing practice. In this scenario, the nurse is demonstrating caring by helping the patient prevent fatigue, assisting with dressing, and respecting the patient's autonomy in choosing clothes. Watson's theory focuses on promoting holistic care and building a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect: B: Rogers' Theory of Unitary Humans focuses on the interconnectedness of humans with their environment, which is not the primary focus of the nurse's actions in the scenario. C: Levine's Theory of Conservation emphasizes maintaining the patient's energy and structural integrity, which is not the main focus of the nurse's actions in the scenario. D: Leininger's Theory of Transcultural Nursing focuses on providing culturally competent care, which is not the central theme of the nurse's actions in the scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the Metropolitan Medical Response System (MMRS) consists of responders who have received specialized training and equipment to handle mass casualty events efficiently. This specialized training and equipment enable them to respond effectively to disasters such as terrorist attacks, natural disasters, or pandemics. Choice A is incorrect because the MMRS is not solely funded by the federal government national disaster fund. Choice C is incorrect as the MMRS does not store medications and antidotes but focuses on response capabilities. Choice D is incorrect as the MMRS does not directly handle patient admissions to federal hospitals but rather focuses on emergency response coordination.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it specifically asks about the exercise practices the older adults participate in, providing detailed information on their current exercise routines. This question is valuable as it helps the nurse understand the type, intensity, and frequency of exercises being performed by the individuals with osteoporosis. Choice A is too broad and doesn't focus on specific exercise practices. Choice B is about personal preferences rather than actual exercise practices. Choice C focuses on the timing of exercise but does not delve into the types of exercises being performed. Thus, D is the most valuable question for gathering pertinent information regarding the exercise practices of older adults with osteoporosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Evaluation. In this scenario, the nurse researcher is determining the significance of findings, which falls under the evaluation phase of scientific inquiry. Evaluation involves assessing the results and determining their importance and relevance. It is crucial in determining the validity and impact of the research findings. A: Hypothesis - While formulating a hypothesis is an important step in the scientific method, it is not directly related to determining the significance of findings. B: Method - Refers to the procedures used to conduct the research study, not specifically related to evaluating the significance of findings. C: Data collection - Involves the process of gathering data, not directly related to determining the level of significance of findings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because institutional review boards (IRBs) are responsible for ensuring that research studies involving human subjects do not cause harm. IRBs evaluate the potential risks and benefits of the study to protect participants' rights and well-being. Choice A is incorrect because publication is not within the primary scope of IRBs. Choice B is incorrect as adding to nursing knowledge is not the main focus of IRBs. Choice D is also incorrect as funding approval is typically handled by separate entities and is not the primary role of IRBs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Multiple-response item, comprehension level. This question requires the nurse to understand the medication label information and convert the dosage from mg to mL. It tests comprehension by assessing the nurse's ability to apply knowledge to a practical situation. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Hot-spot item, application level - Hot-spot items require the selection of a specific area on an image, not applicable in this scenario. C: Chart/exhibit item, analysis level - Chart/exhibit items typically involve interpreting data from charts or exhibits to analyze information, not relevant to this question. D: Drag-and-drop item, knowledge level - Drag-and-drop items involve matching or categorizing information, which does not apply to this question's context.