A competent adult patient is scheduled for surgery. Who signs the informed consent form to allow the surgery?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: the patient. Informed consent requires the patient's voluntary and competent agreement to undergo a medical procedure after being informed of its risks, benefits, and alternatives. Only the patient has the legal capacity to make decisions about their own healthcare. Relatives, physicians, and nurses do not have the authority to provide informed consent on behalf of the patient. It is crucial to ensure that the patient themselves understand and agree to the treatment plan to protect their autonomy and rights.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the individual's appraisal of the stressor. This is because how a person perceives and interprets a stressor plays a significant role in determining their stress response. Individuals who appraise a stressor as a threat are more likely to experience a heightened stress response compared to those who view it as a challenge. This cognitive evaluation is crucial in shaping emotional and physiological reactions to stress. A: The type of stressor is not the additional factor influencing stress response in this context. Different stressors may elicit different responses, but the question is asking for an additional factor beyond age, nutritional status, and genetic inheritance. B: The amount of stress is not the primary focus here. While the intensity of stress can impact the response, the question is specifically asking for an additional factor influencing stress response beyond the factors mentioned. C: The context of the stressful event is important but does not directly influence the expression of stress response as much as the individual's appraisal of the stress

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because hospice care focuses on improving the quality of life for patients with terminal illnesses through pain management, emotional support, and enhancing comfort. This aligns with the core philosophy of hospice care, which prioritizes holistic care and dignity for patients at the end of life. Choice B is incorrect because while hospice care does address psychosocial needs, it is not the primary focus. Choice C is incorrect as hospice care is not primarily aimed at reducing hospital bills for families. Choice D is incorrect as hospice care involves collaboration with families but does not specifically focus on granting control over decision making for alert elders.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: absorbed through the skin. Transdermal medications are delivered through the skin and absorbed into the bloodstream. This route allows for slow, controlled release of the medication over an extended period. Choice A, dissolved inside the cheek, refers to sublingual administration. Choice C, inserted into the vaginal cavity, is intravaginal administration. Choice D, inhaled into the respiratory tract, is inhalation administration. These routes are different from transdermal and have specific mechanisms of action distinct from skin absorption.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Radial. The radial pulse site is located on the wrist and is easily accessible for self-monitoring at home. It is a common site for taking pulse measurements and is convenient for regular monitoring. The radial artery is close to the surface, making it easy to locate and palpate. Monitoring the radial pulse provides an accurate representation of the heart rate. A: Apical pulse is located at the apex of the heart and is usually measured using a stethoscope. It is not practical for self-monitoring at home. B: Pedal pulse is located on the foot and may be difficult for the client to accurately measure on their own. D: Femoral pulse is located in the groin area and is not easily accessible for self-monitoring at home.