A community health nurse works in a clinic that treats clients who lack insurance and have a history of opioid use disorder. Which of the following approaches should the nurse use when working with these clients?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because clients with a history of opioid use disorder and lack of insurance are at high risk for having symptoms related to both mental illness and substance use disorders. The nurse should recognize this and provide holistic care addressing both physical and mental health needs. This approach acknowledges the complex interplay between mental health and substance use, leading to more effective and comprehensive care. Choice A is incorrect because treating these clients the same as others may overlook their unique needs and risks. Choice C is incorrect as it neglects the mental health aspect of care, which is crucial for clients with substance use disorders. Choice D is incorrect as discouraging harm reduction approaches can hinder the clients' progress in managing their opioid use disorder.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The U.S. Standard Report of Fetal Death requires cause of death, fetal weight, and prenatal care details, but autopsy results are not mandatory as autopsies are not always performed.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The 1969 International Health Regulations listed cholera, plague, yellow fever, and smallpox as reportable; hepatitis B was not included, though it is reportable under modern national guidelines.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Negligence requires duty, breach, injury, and proximate cause; nonfeasance (failure to act) is a type of breach but not a required element itself.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Ethical decisions prioritize patient autonomy (preferences), medical indications, and quality of life over the physician's personal preferences.