A community health nurse who starts up a needle-exchange program to help reduce the risk of blood-borne infections is using which strategy:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Harm reduction. This strategy focuses on minimizing the negative consequences associated with risky behaviors, such as drug use, by providing services like needle exchange programs. This approach acknowledges that complete abstinence may not be immediately achievable and aims to reduce harm in the meantime. A: Trauma-informed care is a different approach that considers past traumas when providing care, not specifically related to harm reduction strategies. C: Tertiary care refers to specialized medical care for serious health conditions, not related to harm reduction initiatives. D: Violent care is not a recognized term in healthcare and does not align with the concept of harm reduction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Initiating directly observed therapy (DOT) for TB-positive clients. Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the impact of an already established disease. DOT ensures TB-positive clients complete their medication regimen, reducing the spread of TB and preventing drug resistance. Administering PPD (A) is a secondary prevention measure for early detection. Providing education (C) is a primary prevention measure to prevent the onset of TB. Using skin tests (D) is a screening method for early detection and falls under secondary prevention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Responding in scientifically sound and humanely sensitive ways to community concerns. Risk communication involves effectively conveying information about risks to the public in a way that is both scientifically accurate and sensitive to the concerns and needs of the community. This involves listening to community concerns, providing clear and accurate information, and addressing any fears or uncertainties in a compassionate and respectful manner. Choices A, C, and D do not specifically address the key aspect of engaging with the community and responding to their concerns in a sensitive and scientifically sound manner, making them incorrect options.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Organophosphate toxicity. The symptoms described are consistent with organophosphate poisoning, which commonly occurs in farm workers exposed to pesticides. Wheezing can result from respiratory irritation, abdominal cramping from gastrointestinal effects, and fatigue from systemic toxicity. Carbon monoxide poisoning (A) typically presents with headache and confusion. Lead poisoning (B) manifests with symptoms such as abdominal pain and anemia. Sulphur dioxide exposure (D) causes respiratory symptoms like coughing and shortness of breath. Organophosphate toxicity aligns most closely with the reported symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response (CEPR). This group would likely direct the community nursing response because they specialize in coordinating emergency responses at the local level. They have the expertise and resources to manage such situations effectively. A: Canadian Red Cross focuses more on humanitarian aid and disaster relief on a larger scale. B: Centres for Disease Control and Prevention deals with disease control and prevention, not community nursing response in disasters. D: Paramedics are crucial in providing immediate medical care, but they are not typically responsible for directing the overall community nursing response in a disaster.