A community health nurse is using the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) as a guide while developing an education presentation about nutrition for a community group. How will the use of the DRIs be helpful in developing this presentation?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) It serves as an overall guideline for the population. The use of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) in developing a nutrition education presentation for a community group is helpful because DRIs provide specific reference values for the intake of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients for healthy individuals. DRIs are designed to guide healthy individuals of different age groups and genders to meet their nutrient requirements based on the latest scientific evidence. Option A is incorrect because while DRIs do consider different life stages and physiological conditions like pregnancy and aging, they are not solely focused on these specific groups. Option B is incorrect because although DRIs are based on well-researched data, they are not necessarily reviewed annually; updates are made periodically as new research emerges. Option C is incorrect because DRIs provide a range of nutrient intake values based on age, gender, and life stage, rather than prescribing specific amounts of nutrients on a daily basis, as individual needs may vary. In an educational context, understanding and utilizing DRIs can help healthcare professionals like community health nurses provide evidence-based recommendations on nutrition to promote health and prevent diseases within the community. It allows for tailored and accurate nutrition advice that considers the diverse needs of the population.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) BMI can be used to determine if a child is obese or underweight. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measurement calculated from a person's height and weight. It is commonly used to assess if an individual falls into categories such as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. In the context of health promotion, monitoring BMI in children is essential as it helps to identify potential weight-related issues early on. By using BMI, the school nurse can track trends in students' weight status and intervene if necessary to promote healthy habits and prevent obesity-related health problems. Option A is incorrect because while BMI can provide an estimate of body fat percentage, it is not a direct correlation. Option C is incorrect because BMI alone cannot determine if a child will develop Type 2 diabetes as it is influenced by various factors beyond weight. Option D is also incorrect as comparing BMI with others of the same ethnic background is not a primary use of BMI in assessing weight status. It is important for healthcare providers and educators to understand the limitations and appropriate uses of BMI in promoting health and well-being in children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Normal weight. A BMI at the 80th percentile in a 10-year-old child indicates that the child falls within the normal weight range for their age. Understanding BMI percentiles is crucial in pediatric care as it helps healthcare providers assess a child's weight status in relation to their peers. Option B) Overweight would be incorrect in this case because a BMI at the 80th percentile is not indicative of being overweight in a pediatric context. Option C) Obese and Option D) Morbidly obese are also incorrect as they represent more severe categories of weight status that do not align with a child at the 80th percentile. Educationally, it's important for healthcare professionals, especially nurses, to have a good grasp of BMI percentiles and how they are interpreted in children. This knowledge enables them to provide appropriate health promotion interventions, dietary advice, and support for children and their families in maintaining a healthy weight. Understanding these concepts can contribute to early identification and prevention of weight-related health issues in children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In developing an exercise program for a person with moderate osteoarthritis of the knees, the nurse should include water aerobics. Water aerobics is the most suitable choice for individuals with knee osteoarthritis because it is a low-impact form of exercise that reduces stress on the joints while still providing cardiovascular benefits and strengthening muscles. Exercising in water helps to support the body and minimize the risk of injury, making it an ideal choice for those with joint issues. Step aerobics and running are high-impact exercises that can exacerbate knee pain and worsen osteoarthritis symptoms. These activities put significant stress on the knees, which can lead to increased pain and potential joint damage. Bike riding, while lower impact than running or step aerobics, can still place strain on the knees, especially if the bike is not properly adjusted or the individual is not using correct form. Educationally, it is important for nurses to understand the principles of exercise prescription for different health conditions. Tailoring exercise programs to individual needs and conditions, such as choosing low-impact activities for those with osteoarthritis, is crucial to promoting health and preventing further injury. By selecting water aerobics for this patient, the nurse demonstrates a sound understanding of how to provide effective and safe exercise interventions for individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Relaxation response. The relaxation response is an inborn set of physiological changes that counteract the fight or flight response. When the body perceives a threat or stress, it activates the fight or flight response, releasing catecholamines like adrenaline. However, prolonged activation of this response can be harmful to health. The relaxation response helps to bring the body back to a state of equilibrium by lowering heart rate, blood pressure, and promoting a sense of calm. Option A) Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to achieve goals. While self-efficacy can influence how a person copes with stress, it is not a physiological response like the relaxation response. Option B) Catecholamine surge is part of the fight or flight response, not the relaxation response. It involves the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline to prepare the body for action in response to a perceived threat. Option D) Metabolism is the body's process of converting food into energy. While metabolism can be influenced by stress and relaxation, it is not the inborn set of physiological changes that offset the fight or flight response. Understanding the concept of the relaxation response is crucial in health promotion as it highlights the importance of managing stress and promoting relaxation techniques for overall well-being. Teaching individuals how to activate their relaxation response can help improve their resilience to stress and enhance their health outcomes.