A community health nurse is teaching nursing students about the development of the modern public health system. Which reform movement will the nurse note as foundational to the modern public health system?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Child labor and working conditions. This reform movement was foundational to the modern public health system as it led to improved labor laws, workplace safety regulations, and child labor restrictions. Addressing child labor and working conditions was crucial in promoting the health and well-being of the population. The other choices are not directly related to the development of the modern public health system. Smoking tobacco indoors, drinking water cleanliness, and opioid prescribing are important public health issues, but they are not as directly linked to the foundational reforms that shaped the modern public health system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because implementing a comprehensive education program for individuals with heart disease is a primary prevention strategy aimed at preventing the development of heart disease. Primary prevention focuses on preventing the disease from occurring in the first place. The other choices focus on secondary or tertiary prevention strategies. Choice B involves supporting young families in parenthood, which is more of a secondary prevention strategy. Choice C recommending exercise programs to clients with degenerative joint disease focuses on managing the condition rather than preventing it. Choice D educating adolescents about reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections is also a secondary prevention strategy aimed at preventing the spread of infections rather than preventing them from occurring.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Defining a scope of practice for nurses ensures they work within their level of qualification, expertise, and competence, promoting safe and effective patient care. Step 2: It helps prevent nurses from performing tasks beyond their training, reducing the risk of errors and harm to patients. Step 3: By clearly outlining what nurses can and cannot do, it provides clarity and accountability in their practice. Step 4: This supports professional development by encouraging ongoing education and training to expand their scope as they gain experience. Step 5: Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while they are important aspects of nursing practice, they do not directly address the main purpose of defining a scope of practice, which is to ensure nurses work within their level of qualification and competence to protect patient safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cultural competency. When hiring a workforce representative of the community, the nurse must understand and respect cultural differences to effectively engage with diverse populations. This falls under the Cultural competency domain, which focuses on recognizing, respecting, and incorporating cultural beliefs and practices into nursing practice. A: Communication - While important, hiring a diverse workforce goes beyond communication skills. C: Community dimensions of practice - This domain focuses on understanding the community as a whole, not specifically on hiring practices. D: Leadership and systems thinking - This domain emphasizes leadership skills and understanding of healthcare systems, which are not directly related to hiring a culturally representative workforce.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Primary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent the onset of a disease or injury before it occurs. In this scenario, the nurse is providing bike safety tips to children to prevent accidents from happening in the first place. Primordial prevention focuses on addressing social determinants of health before risk factors develop, which is not the case here. Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment of a disease or injury, which does not align with the nurse's role in providing safety tips. Tertiary prevention involves managing and treating existing conditions to prevent complications, which is not the focus of the nurse's intervention in promoting bike safety for children.