A community health nurse is conducting an educational session on sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Which statement is correct?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Human papillomavirus is the cause of essentially all cases of cervical cancer. This statement is accurate because HPV is a known risk factor for cervical cancer, with certain high-risk strains being strongly linked to the development of this type of cancer. Educationally, understanding the association between HPV and cervical cancer is crucial for healthcare providers to emphasize the importance of HPV vaccination and regular cervical cancer screening to prevent and detect early signs of cervical cancer. Option B) Antibiotics will only cure those STIs caused by bacterial infections is incorrect because antibiotics are effective in treating bacterial STIs like chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, but they are not effective against viral STIs like HPV, herpes, and HIV. It is essential to differentiate between bacterial and viral STIs to provide appropriate treatment and management. Option C) A viral STI infection is a lifetime infection is incorrect. While some viral STIs like HPV and herpes may persist in the body for a long time, they may not always result in a lifetime infection. Proper medical management, including antiviral medications and lifestyle modifications, can help control viral STIs and reduce their impact on an individual's health. Option D) Gonorrhea and syphilis affect both men and women is incorrect because while both gonorrhea and syphilis can indeed affect both men and women, the impact and symptoms of these STIs may vary between genders. Understanding these differences is essential for providing gender-specific care and promoting effective prevention strategies tailored to individual needs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of early pregnancy, the correct answer to the question is option B) human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is of highest concern during this time because it can lead to genital warts and increases the risk of cervical cancer, which can have significant implications for both the mother and the developing fetus. Educationally, it is important to understand that HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection that can be passed from mother to baby during childbirth, potentially causing respiratory issues in the newborn. Options A, C, and D (chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea) are all sexually transmitted infections that can have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. However, in the context of early pregnancy, the immediate concern related to HPV is the potential for cervical changes and cancer development. Chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea are also important to screen for and treat in pregnancy to prevent complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and neonatal infections. Understanding the specific risks and implications of each infection in early pregnancy is crucial for healthcare providers to provide appropriate care and interventions to ensure the best possible outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Regular screening, early detection, and prompt treatment of sexually transmitted infections are essential components of prenatal care to promote maternal and fetal health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In early pregnancy, it is crucial for nurses to provide accurate information and guidance to support the health of both the mother and the developing fetus. The correct answer, option A, advises the 30-year-old woman to start getting screened with a Papanicolaou test every 3 years. This recommendation aligns with current guidelines that suggest women aged 30-65 with normal Pap smears can extend screening intervals to every 3-5 years when coupled with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. Option B, suggesting annual screening, is incorrect as it does not reflect the updated guidelines that support less frequent Pap smear testing for women in this age group with normal results. Option C is incorrect because regular cervical cancer screening remains important even after age 30, particularly when considering the risk of HPV infections. Option D is also incorrect as a 5-year interval is not the recommended frequency for Pap smear testing in this scenario. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of staying current with evidence-based guidelines and adapting practice accordingly. It emphasizes the role of nurses in providing accurate information to empower patients to make informed decisions about their health and screening practices. By understanding and applying the most up-to-date recommendations, nurses can contribute to promoting optimal health outcomes for women during pregnancy and beyond.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question about obtaining valid information during a 24-hour diet recall in early pregnancy, option A, "What did you put on your spaghetti?" is the most appropriate choice. This question allows for open-ended responses and provides a broad overview of the individual's dietary choices. It encourages the person to recall all the components of their meal, not just whether there was meat or cheese. Option B, "Was the spaghetti with meat sauce?" is more limiting as it focuses only on one specific aspect of the meal, potentially missing other important details. Option C, "Were there meatballs with the spaghetti?" is also limiting and assumes a specific type of meat. Option D, "Did you sprinkle cheese on your spaghetti?" is similarly restrictive and only focuses on the presence of cheese. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to ask open-ended questions during dietary assessments to gather comprehensive and accurate information. Open-ended questions like option A allow individuals to provide detailed responses, which is particularly important during pregnancy when dietary intake plays a significant role in maternal and fetal health. By encouraging detailed recall, nurses can better assess nutritional adequacy and identify any potential deficiencies or complications early on.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) every three years. The rationale behind this is that despite the client identifying as a transgender man, if they have an intact cervix, they are still at risk for cervical cancer. Regular cervical screenings are crucial in detecting any abnormalities early on. Option B) every year is incorrect because current guidelines recommend cervical screenings every three years for individuals between the ages of 21 and 65, assuming there are no abnormal results. Option C) every five years is also incorrect as this interval is typically recommended for individuals who have had an HPV test along with their Pap smear and received normal results. Option D) not necessary is incorrect because having an intact cervix puts the individual at risk for cervical cancer, regardless of their gender identity. From an educational perspective, it is important to emphasize the significance of regular cervical screenings for individuals with an intact cervix, irrespective of their gender identity. This question highlights the need for healthcare providers to be aware of the specific healthcare needs of transgender individuals and provide inclusive and appropriate care. Regular education and training on LGBTQ+ healthcare issues are essential for healthcare professionals to deliver competent and sensitive care to all patients.