A community health nurse is conducting a class on what to expect during pregnancy. What instruction should the nurse include on weight gain?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Adequate weight gain during pregnancy is essential as failure to obtain the required weight gain can increase the risk of preterm birth. Choice B is incorrect because it is important for obese clients to gain an appropriate amount of weight during pregnancy, not the same as those with a normal body mass index. Choice C is incorrect as gaining 50 pounds for a client with a normal body mass index is excessive. Choice D is incorrect as the common saying 'eating for two' during pregnancy is a misconception; pregnant individuals do not need to double their caloric intake.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oatmeal pancakes with peanut butter. For a vegan client, it is important to recommend plant-based protein sources. Oatmeal pancakes with peanut butter offer a good protein combination that aligns with their dietary restriction. Choices A, B, and D are not suitable as they all contain animal-derived products, which are not suitable for a vegan diet.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When assessing for malnutrition, nurses should consider multiple risk factors. Dental problems and depression can impact a person's ability to eat and maintain proper nutrition. The ability to read and write may not directly relate to malnutrition risk. The correct answer is 'All of the above' because dental problems and depression are indeed risk factors, along with other factors like the inability to prepare meals and the loss of a spouse.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - 'Hamburger, fries, and soft drink' as it contains foods high in unhealthy fats, sugars, and low nutritional value. A hamburger, fries, and a soft drink are considered less nutritious compared to the other options. Choice A includes a ham sandwich, apple, and milk, which provide a balance of protein, fiber, and calcium. Choice C consists of macaroni and cheese, green beans, and peaches, offering a mix of carbohydrates, vegetables, and fruits. Choice D contains meatloaf, broccoli, and pear slices, which provide a good source of protein, vitamins, and fiber. Therefore, option B is the least nutritious among the given choices.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and nutrition, it is essential to understand factors that can enhance or inhibit the absorption of certain nutrients like iron. In this question, the correct answer is A) Kiwi and B) Strawberries, which increase iron absorption when consumed with nonheme iron sources. These fruits are rich in vitamin C, which is known to enhance the absorption of nonheme iron in the body. Kiwi and strawberries contain ascorbic acid, which converts nonheme iron into a more soluble form, making it easier for the body to absorb. This synergistic effect between vitamin C and nonheme iron is crucial for individuals, especially vegetarians or those at risk of iron deficiency, to maximize their iron intake from plant-based sources. On the other hand, options C) Coffee is incorrect because caffeine, found in coffee, can inhibit iron absorption when consumed with nonheme iron sources. Caffeine interferes with iron absorption by forming insoluble complexes with iron in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing the amount of iron available for absorption. Educationally, understanding these interactions between nutrients and how they affect absorption in the body is vital for healthcare professionals, especially pharmacologists and dietitians, to provide accurate and evidence-based recommendations to patients. By knowing which foods enhance or inhibit nutrient absorption, healthcare providers can help individuals optimize their dietary choices to meet their nutritional needs effectively.