A community health nurse (CHN) often has to make resource allocation decisions. In such cases, which approach will most help the CHN to arrive at the decision?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Choosing the needs of the aggregate, rather than the needs of a few individuals. This approach aligns with the public health principle of maximizing benefits for the entire community. By focusing on the collective needs, the CHN ensures equitable distribution of resources, promotes population health, and addresses systemic issues. Choice A may be subjective and not universally applicable. Choice B prioritizes cost over health outcomes. Choice C may not consider the broader impact on the community. Thus, option D is the most effective approach for resource allocation by a community health nurse.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because primary health care emphasizes providing essential care that is universally accessible to all individuals in a community. This definition aligns with the core principles of primary health care established by the World Health Organization, which include accessibility, affordability, comprehensiveness, and community participation. The other choices are incorrect because: A: While collaboration among health care providers is important in primary health care, it is not the defining feature of primary health care. D: Primary health care focuses on addressing the health needs of all individuals in a community, regardless of their socioeconomic status, rather than only those who can afford health-promoting behaviors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because religious orders were the first to establish hospitals with the primary purpose of caring for the sick, poor, and neglected. They viewed it as a moral duty to provide healthcare and humanitarian aid. This aligns with the historical development of hospitals, where institutions such as monasteries and religious orders played a crucial role in providing medical care and shelter to those in need. A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the historical context of the establishment of hospitals. Feudal lords did not create hospitals to keep their workers productive, small towns did not establish hospitals solely for their citizens, and the military did not primarily set up hospitals to ensure soldiers could continue fighting. These choices lack the humanitarian and altruistic motives that drove religious orders to pioneer the concept of hospitals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it accurately describes the transition of public health nurses (PHNs) from working in specialized areas to becoming generalists. PHNs did not provide bedside nursing care in the home like community health nurses or visiting nurses. Therefore, choice A reflects this shift in responsibilities for PHNs. Choice B is incorrect because it provides unrelated information about cognitive level and safe and effective care environment, which is not relevant to the question. Choices C and D are blank, so they do not contribute any information or rationale to address the question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The rationale behind this answer is that using Public Health Nurses (PHNs) to keep workers healthier would increase worker productivity. This argument is logical because healthier workers are more productive, leading to better outcomes for the company. Choice A is incorrect because the decision was likely more influenced by practical considerations rather than moral reasoning. Choice B is incorrect because the focus was on the benefits to the company's workers, not just on cost savings. Choice C is incorrect because while increasing morale among workers is important, the primary focus was on improving worker health and productivity.