A community health center is preparing a presentation on the prevention and detection of cancer. Which health care professional (RN, LPN/LVN, nurse practitioner, nutritionist) should be assigned to address the following topics?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate healthcare professional to address the topic of explaining screening exams and diagnostic testing for common cancers would be the nurse practitioner. The nurse practitioner has advanced training in pharmacology, pathophysiology, and diagnostic reasoning, making them well-equipped to discuss the technical aspects of cancer screening and diagnostic procedures. They can provide in-depth explanations, answer questions, and guide individuals on the importance of early detection. The other options - LPN/LVN, RN, and nutritionist - are not typically trained to the same extent as nurse practitioners in cancer screening and diagnostic testing. LPN/LVNs and RNs may not have the advanced knowledge required to provide detailed information on these topics. A nutritionist, while valuable for discussing dietary habits and cancer prevention, may not have the expertise in medical procedures and testing related to cancer detection. By assigning the nurse practitioner to this task, the community health center can ensure that the audience receives accurate, evidence-based information on cancer screening and diagnostic testing, ultimately contributing to promoting early detection and improving health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) A patient who underwent debulking of a tumor to relieve pressure. This patient would be the least ergenically suitable to be placed with others due to the potential risk of infection. Patients who undergo debulking procedures are at a higher risk of developing infections due to the compromised immune system caused by the surgery and the underlying cancer. Option A) A patient with a neutrophil count of 1000/mm³, although having a low neutrophil count, is not necessarily a contraindication for being placed with others, as long as proper infection control measures are in place. Option C) A patient receiving high-dose chemotherapy after a bone marrow harvest would also have a compromised immune system, but these patients are usually placed in specialized isolation rooms to minimize the risk of infections. Option D) A patient who is post-op laminectomy for spinal cord compression is not necessarily at a higher risk of infecting others unless there are complications or other factors present. In an educational context, understanding the unique needs and risks associated with different cancer patients is crucial for providing safe and effective care in a healthcare setting. Proper infection control practices and patient placement strategies are essential to prevent the spread of infections and ensure the well-being of all patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and nursing practice, the correct answer, option C, which is "Explain the application of a nicotine patch," is the most appropriate task to delegate to the LPN/LVN. This is because the LPN/LVN, under the guidance of the RN or healthcare provider, can provide education on the proper application of a nicotine patch as part of a smoking cessation plan. LPNs/LVNs are trained to provide patient education and support in various healthcare interventions. Option A, developing a 'quit plan,' involves a higher level of assessment and critical thinking, which is typically within the scope of practice of an RN. Option B, discussing strategies to avoid relapse, requires a deeper understanding of behavioral interventions and psychological support, which is also more suitable for an RN. Option D, suggesting ways to deal with urges for tobacco, involves ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the patient's progress in smoking cessation, which is best managed by an RN. By delegating the task of explaining the application of a nicotine patch to the LPN/LVN, the RN can allocate responsibilities effectively, ensuring that each team member works within their scope of practice to provide comprehensive care to patients. This educational context emphasizes the importance of understanding delegation principles in nursing practice to optimize patient outcomes and promote efficient teamwork among healthcare providers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Chvostek's sign is a clinical finding observed in patients with hypocalcemia. This sign manifests as facial muscle contractions following the tapping of the facial nerve anterior to the ear. The underlying mechanism involves increased neuromuscular irritability due to low calcium levels, leading to hyperexcitability of facial nerves. Option A: Hyponatremia does not directly cause Chvostek's sign. Symptoms of hyponatremia include confusion, seizures, and muscle cramps due to low sodium levels, not facial muscle contractions. Option B: Hypokalemia is characterized by muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac arrhythmias due to low potassium levels. It does not typically present with Chvostek's sign. Option D: Hypomagnesemia can cause neuromuscular irritability and tetany, similar to hypocalcemia. However, Chvostek's sign specifically indicates hypocalcemia, not hypomagnesemia. Educational Context: Understanding Chvostek's sign in the context of electrolyte imbalances is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers. Recognizing this sign can prompt further evaluation for hypocalcemia, guiding appropriate interventions to address the underlying cause and prevent complications. Pharmacological interventions to correct calcium levels may be necessary in patients exhibiting Chvostek's sign, highlighting the importance of prompt assessment and management in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and medical-surgical nursing, understanding the common causes of death in older patients is crucial for providing optimal care. The correct answer to this question is C) Coronary artery disease. This is the leading cause of death in individuals aged 65 and older due to the progressive buildup of plaque in the arteries supplying the heart, leading to complications such as heart attacks and heart failure. Understanding the risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options for coronary artery disease is essential for nurses to provide comprehensive care to their patients. Option A) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults, but it is not the most common cause of death in this age group. While COPD can lead to respiratory failure and exacerbations that are life-threatening, coronary artery disease has a higher mortality rate. Option B) Breast cancer is a significant health concern, particularly in women, but it is not the most common cause of death in patients aged 65 and older. Breast cancer can be aggressive and fatal, but overall cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, pose a greater threat in this age group. Option D) Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects many older adults, leading to cognitive decline and functional impairment. While Alzheimer's disease can significantly impact quality of life and longevity, it is not the primary cause of death in individuals aged 65 and older. Coronary artery disease, with its direct impact on heart function and circulation, is more likely to lead to fatal outcomes in this population. By understanding the prevalence of coronary artery disease as the leading cause of death in older patients, nurses can emphasize preventive measures, patient education on lifestyle modifications, medication adherence, and early recognition of symptoms to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality rates associated with this condition.