A common finding on chest radiograph in a child with asthma is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a child with asthma, a common finding on chest radiograph is peribronchial thickening, which is the correct answer (A). Peribronchial thickening is indicative of airway inflammation and hyperreactivity, characteristic of asthma. This finding appears as increased density around the bronchial walls on the radiograph. Atelectasis (B) refers to the collapse of a portion of the lung and is not a consistent finding in asthma unless complications like mucus plugging occur. Pneumothorax (C) is the presence of air in the pleural space and is not a typical finding in asthma. Bronchiectasis (D) is a chronic condition characterized by dilated bronchi, not a common radiographic finding in acute asthma exacerbations. Educationally, understanding common radiographic findings in pediatric asthma is crucial for nurses to provide comprehensive care. Recognizing peribronchial thickening can guide treatment decisions and help monitor the effectiveness of interventions in managing asthma exacerbations in children. This knowledge enhances nursing practice and promotes optimal outcomes for pediatric patients with asthma.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding predictive factors for poor prognosis in atopic dermatitis is crucial for providing effective care. The correct answer, "late age at onset of atopic dermatitis (Option C)," indicates that an early onset of atopic dermatitis is actually associated with a poorer prognosis. This is because early onset often leads to more severe and persistent disease manifestations. Option A, "widespread atopic dermatitis in childhood," is incorrect as widespread distribution of atopic dermatitis can indicate a more severe form of the condition, leading to a poor prognosis. Option B, "filaggrin gene null mutations," is incorrect because mutations in the filaggrin gene are a well-known genetic risk factor for atopic dermatitis, and individuals with these mutations are predisposed to developing the condition. This genetic component does not impact the prognosis directly. Option D, "family history of atopic dermatitis in parents or siblings," is incorrect as a family history of atopic dermatitis can increase the likelihood of developing the condition but does not necessarily predict a poor prognosis. In an educational context, nurses need to be aware of these predictive factors to assess and manage pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis effectively. Recognizing these factors can guide treatment decisions, support patient education efforts, and help in setting realistic expectations for both healthcare providers and families.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) hymenoptera. Systemic allergic responses to insects, such as bees and wasps, are primarily caused by an IgE antibody response to their venom. Bees, wasps, and ants all belong to the hymenoptera order. When a person is stung by one of these insects, their body may produce IgE antibodies against specific components of the venom, leading to an allergic reaction upon subsequent exposure. Ticks (option A), spiders (option B), and scorpions (option D) do not typically cause systemic allergic responses mediated by IgE antibodies. Ticks can transmit diseases such as Lyme disease, but their bites do not usually result in the same type of IgE-mediated allergic response seen with hymenoptera stings. Educationally, understanding the immune response to insect venom is crucial for pediatric nurses caring for children who may experience allergic reactions. Recognizing the specific insects that commonly cause these reactions allows for prompt identification and treatment of symptoms. Nurses play a vital role in educating families about prevention strategies and emergency response protocols for children at risk of insect sting allergies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) allergic conjunctivitis. This is the most common hypersensitivity response of the eye because it is a type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction. In allergic conjunctivitis, exposure to allergens triggers the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators, leading to redness, itching, and swelling of the conjunctiva. Option B) vernal keratoconjunctivitis is less common and typically affects young males in warm climates. It is characterized by a chronic allergic inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea, often with giant papillae. Option C) atopic keratoconjunctivitis is associated with atopic dermatitis and other allergic conditions. It presents with chronic conjunctivitis, corneal involvement, and a history of atopy. Option D) giant papillary conjunctivitis is more commonly associated with contact lens wear or ocular prostheses. It is characterized by the formation of large papillae on the upper tarsal conjunctiva due to a foreign body reaction. Understanding the different types of hypersensitivity responses of the eye is crucial for pediatric nurses to assess, diagnose, and provide appropriate care for children with eye conditions. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of each condition helps in effective management and referral to ophthalmology specialists when needed.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) urticarial lesions that persist at different locations for >24 hr. Skin biopsy for diagnosis of possible urticarial vasculitis is recommended in cases where the urticarial lesions persist for longer than 24 hours at different locations. This is because urticarial vasculitis presents with urticarial lesions that are typically more persistent and last longer than typical hives. Option B) those with non-pigmented or non-purpuric components is incorrect because the absence of pigmented or purpuric components does not specifically indicate the need for a skin biopsy in the context of urticarial vasculitis. Option C) those that burn more than itch is incorrect as the sensation of burning over itching is not a specific indication for a skin biopsy in cases of suspected urticarial vasculitis. Option D) those with associated collagen vascular diseases is incorrect because the presence of collagen vascular diseases is not the sole criteria for recommending a skin biopsy in suspected cases of urticarial vasculitis. Educationally, understanding the specific criteria for when to recommend a skin biopsy for urticarial vasculitis is crucial for healthcare providers, especially in pediatric nursing. This knowledge helps in accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment planning, and better patient outcomes. Recognizing the characteristics of urticarial vasculitis and its diagnostic approach is essential for providing comprehensive care to pediatric patients with skin conditions.