A common finding on chest radiograph in a child with asthma is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding common findings on chest radiographs in children with asthma is crucial for accurate assessment and intervention. In this case, the correct answer is A) peribronchial thickening. This finding is characteristic of asthma and is indicative of inflammation and swelling around the bronchial walls, which is a common feature of asthma exacerbations. Peribronchial thickening can be seen as a result of chronic inflammation and mucus production in the airways, leading to air trapping and respiratory distress in children with asthma. Option B) atelectasis is incorrect in this context because it refers to the collapse of a portion of the lung, which is more commonly associated with conditions like lung collapse or post-operative complications rather than asthma. Option C) pneumothorax is also an incorrect choice as it refers to the presence of air in the pleural space, which is not typically seen in children with asthma unless complicated by a secondary infection or mechanical ventilation. Option D) bronchiectasis is not typically a common finding on chest radiographs in children with asthma. Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition characterized by abnormal and irreversible dilation of the bronchi, often associated with recurrent infections, rather than the acute inflammatory changes seen in asthma. Educationally, understanding these radiographic findings in pediatric asthma patients is essential for nurses to provide timely and appropriate care. By recognizing peribronchial thickening as a common finding, nurses can collaborate with healthcare providers to initiate prompt treatment interventions and support respiratory function in children experiencing asthma exacerbations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and atopic dermatitis, understanding the predictive factors of a poor prognosis is crucial for providing effective care. The correct answer, option C, "late age at onset of atopic dermatitis," is indicative of a better prognosis rather than a poor one. Children who develop atopic dermatitis at a later age tend to have milder symptoms and a lower risk of persistent or severe disease compared to those who develop it earlier in childhood. Option A, "widespread atopic dermatitis in childhood," is a predictive factor for a poor prognosis as it suggests a more severe and chronic form of the condition. Option B, "filaggrin gene null mutations," is also a known genetic factor associated with atopic dermatitis and can contribute to a poor prognosis due to impaired skin barrier function. Option D, "family history of atopic dermatitis in parents or siblings," can increase the likelihood of developing atopic dermatitis but does not necessarily predict a poor prognosis on its own. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing predictive factors that can influence the course and outcomes of atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients. By understanding these factors, nurses can tailor their care plans to address potential challenges and provide appropriate support to improve patient outcomes. It also underscores the significance of early detection and intervention in managing atopic dermatitis effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) hymenoptera. Systemic allergic responses to insects, such as anaphylaxis, are primarily caused by IgE antibody response to venom proteins injected during insect bites or stings. Hymenoptera insects, including bees, wasps, and ants, are common triggers of systemic allergic reactions due to their venom composition. Ticks (option A), spiders (option B), and scorpions (option D) are not typically associated with systemic allergic responses mediated by IgE antibodies. Ticks can transmit diseases like Lyme disease, but their bites do not usually trigger IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Spiders and scorpions may cause local skin reactions or systemic symptoms, but these are not IgE-mediated allergic responses like those seen with hymenoptera venom. Understanding the specific insects that can cause systemic allergic responses is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in pediatric nursing. Prompt recognition and management of allergic reactions are essential in providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients who may be at risk for insect-related allergies. Educating patients and families about insect avoidance strategies and emergency response plans can also help prevent serious allergic reactions in children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) allergic conjunctivitis. Allergic conjunctivitis is the most common hypersensitivity response of the eye. This condition is characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva due to an allergic reaction, often triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. Symptoms include itching, redness, tearing, and swelling of the eyes. Option B) vernal keratoconjunctivitis is less common and typically affects young males in warm climates. It is characterized by severe itching, photophobia, and mucous discharge. Option C) atopic keratoconjunctivitis is a chronic allergic condition commonly associated with atopic dermatitis. It presents with intense itching, redness, and thickening of the eyelids. Option D) giant papillary conjunctivitis is usually seen in individuals who wear contact lenses. It is characterized by the formation of large papillae on the inner surface of the upper eyelid, leading to discomfort and intolerance to contact lens wear. Understanding the differences between these conditions is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with eye conditions. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of each condition will help in providing appropriate interventions and educating patients and families on management strategies. It is essential for nurses to be knowledgeable about common eye conditions in children to ensure early detection and effective treatment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of diagnosing possible urticarial vasculitis, the correct answer is option A) urticarial lesions that persist at different locations for >24 hr. Urticarial vasculitis is characterized by urticarial lesions that last more than 24 hours, unlike typical urticaria which resolves within 24 hours. These persistent lesions can indicate a deeper vascular involvement requiring further investigation through a skin biopsy for definitive diagnosis. Option B) those with non-pigmented or non-purpuric components is incorrect because the presence of pigmented or purpuric components is not a defining factor for recommending a skin biopsy in urticarial vasculitis. The key factor is the persistence of lesions. Option C) those that burn more than itch is incorrect as the sensation of burning or itching is a subjective symptom that may vary among individuals and is not a reliable indicator for the need of a skin biopsy in this context. Option D) those with associated collagen vascular diseases is incorrect because while urticarial vasculitis can be associated with collagen vascular diseases, the primary indication for a skin biopsy in suspected urticarial vasculitis is the persistence of urticarial lesions. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for nurses specializing in pediatric care as it helps in the accurate assessment and management of skin conditions in children. Recognizing the need for a skin biopsy in cases of suspected urticarial vasculitis can lead to timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment interventions, ultimately improving patient outcomes.