Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diabetic retinopathy. This condition is a common complication of diabetes that occurs due to the thickening of capillaries and arterioles in the eye, leading to damage to the retina. This can result in vision problems and even blindness if left untreated. A: Papilledema is the swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure, not related to diabetes. B: Glaucoma is a condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, not directly caused by diabetes. C: Retinal detachment is the separation of the retina from the underlying tissues, which is not primarily caused by diabetes-related capillary changes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because positioning oneself at eye level helps the patient see the nurse's facial expressions and lip movements, aiding in communication. Speaking clearly and slowly allows the patient to better understand. Speaking loudly can distort sound and may not be necessary. Avoiding visual aids or gestures limits communication channels. Speaking quickly can overwhelm the patient and hinder comprehension.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ventricular tachycardia. Ventricular tachycardia is a serious arrhythmia that can lead to palpitations, dizziness, and syncope due to the rapid and abnormal heart rhythm originating in the ventricles. This arrhythmia can be life-threatening if not promptly treated. A: Stable angina is characterized by chest discomfort or pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, usually during physical exertion or stress. It does not typically present with palpitations, dizziness, or syncope. B: Unstable angina is a more severe form of angina where symptoms occur even at rest. While it can lead to serious complications like heart attack, it does not commonly present with palpitations, dizziness, or syncope. C: Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia originating in the atria, leading to an irregular and often rapid heartbeat. While it can cause palpitations and dizziness,

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Encouraging early ambulation and progressive activity as tolerated is the most appropriate nursing intervention to promote optimal recovery for a postpartum client who delivered via cesarean section. Early ambulation helps prevent complications such as blood clots, pneumonia, and constipation. It also promotes circulation and facilitates healing by reducing the risk of postoperative complications. Progressive activity helps the client regain strength, mobility, and independence, which are essential for a speedy recovery. Restoring normal movement will also help decrease discomfort and improve the client's overall well-being. In contrast, restricting movement may lead to complications and delayed recovery. Administering oral analgesics as needed is important for pain management, but promoting early ambulation is essential for optimal recovery. Heat packs should not be applied to the incision site as they can increase the risk of infection and interfere with proper wound healing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Teeth. Teeth are responsible for the initial mechanical breakdown of food during mastication. Step 1: Teeth use their hard surfaces to chew and grind food into smaller pieces. Step 2: This process increases the surface area of the food, making it easier for digestive enzymes to break down. Step 3: The tongue aids in moving the food around the mouth but does not break down the food mechanically. Pharynx is responsible for swallowing, not mastication. Salivary glands produce saliva that helps in the lubrication and digestion of food, but they do not directly participate in the mechanical breakdown of food.