Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The plausible conclusion the nurse should draw is that the patient has not achieved the desired learning outcomes. 1. The patient's repeated questions indicate a lack of understanding despite the nurse's teaching efforts. 2. This suggests that the patient has not grasped the information provided. 3. It does not necessarily mean the patient is not listening effectively, noncompliant, or has low intelligence. 4. The focus should be on reassessing the teaching methods and providing additional support to help the patient achieve the desired learning outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A barrier to hospice care for this patient. The lack of knowledge about hospice care can be perceived as a barrier to accessing this type of care for the patient and her family. Understanding hospice care is crucial in making informed decisions about end-of-life care options. This lack of knowledge does not necessarily indicate lack of education (choice A), language barrier (choice B), or inability to grasp American concepts of health care (choice D), as hospice care is a universal concept that transcends cultural and educational backgrounds.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, emptying the pouch if it is more than one-third to one-half full. This action is appropriate to prevent leakage and skin irritation. When the pouch becomes too full, it can put pressure on the seal, leading to potential leaks. Emptying the pouch at one-third to one-half fullness helps maintain a secure seal and prevents skin breakdown. Choice A is incorrect because changing the skin barrier portion of the ostomy pouch daily is unnecessary and can lead to skin irritation and breakdown. Choice C is incorrect because cleansing the skin around the stoma with soap and water excessively can strip the skin of its natural oils and cause irritation. Choice D is incorrect because leaving a 1/2-inch space around the stoma when measuring for the barrier device may result in an improper fit, leading to leakage and skin issues.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because using clock cues helps the patient visualize the placement of items based on a familiar concept. This aids in compensating for the loss of vision after head trauma. Choice B does not provide specific guidance on how to describe the placement. Choice C may be confusing for the patient as it is not a common way to describe item placement. Choice D puts unnecessary burden on the patient to describe the location first before confirming, which may be challenging for someone with sudden loss of vision.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Uses humility. Critical thinking in nursing involves being open-minded, self-aware, and willing to consider different perspectives. Humility allows nurses to acknowledge their limitations, seek feedback, and continuously learn and improve. Instilling faith (A) may be important but does not directly relate to critical thinking standards. Self-confidence (C) can be beneficial, but excessive confidence can lead to closed-mindedness. Supportiveness (D) is valuable in patient care but does not specifically demonstrate critical thinking standards. In summary, humility enables nurses to approach patient communication with an open and reflective mindset, essential for applying critical thinking standards effectively.