A climber at 5000 m altitude, what happens to arterial PCOâ‚‚ and pH?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: At 5000 m, hypoxia drives hyperventilation PCOâ‚‚ falls (COâ‚‚ blown off), pH rises (respiratory alkalosis). Both lower misstates pH rises. Both higher ignores altitude false. pH fall/PCOâ‚‚ rise is hypoventilation opposite. Alkalotic shift distinguishes it, key to high-altitude response, unlike uniform or reversed changes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ureters carry urine from kidneys to bladder not reverse, urethra (exit), or liver (digestive). This specifies transport path, critical for urine flow, contrasting with incorrect directions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Kidney stones form from mineral/salt precipitation not infection, dehydration (risk factor), or BP alone. This specifies etiology, critical for prevention, contrasting with secondary factors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Polyuria is excess urine not anuria (none), oliguria (low), or nocturia (night). This defines high output, critical for diabetes detection, contrasting with reduced states.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Juxtaglomerular cells in afferent arterioles secrete renin not macula densa (senses Na+), efferent arterioles, or lacis cells (support). This pinpoints renin source, critical for RAAS, contrasting with other JGA parts.