A client with ulcerative colitis has an order to begin salicylate medication to reduce inflammation. The nurse instructs the client to take the medication:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: After meals. Salicylate medications for ulcerative colitis should be taken after meals to minimize gastrointestinal irritation and enhance absorption. Taking the medication on an empty stomach (Choice B) may increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Taking it 30 minutes before meals (Choice A) may not provide enough protection for the stomach lining. Taking it on arising (Choice D) is not recommended as it may not coincide with the peak absorption times of the medication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A dark red to purple stoma may indicate compromised blood flow or ischemia, which requires immediate medical attention. This color change could be a sign of inadequate blood supply to the stoma tissue, leading to tissue damage or necrosis. Reporting this observation promptly is crucial to prevent further complications. Choices A, C, and D are not indicative of immediate medical concern. A slightly edematous stoma, oozing a small amount of blood, or not expelling stool may not be uncommon findings during the initial post-op period and can be managed without urgent intervention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of a patient with liver failure due to chronic alcohol abuse, the correct answer is C) Abnormal peripheral vasodilation. This is because liver failure can lead to the inability of the liver to metabolize substances properly, resulting in the accumulation of vasodilators like nitric oxide, leading to systemic vasodilation. This vasodilation causes a drop in systemic vascular resistance, resulting in decreased blood pressure. Option A) Hypoalbuminemia is not directly related to blood pressure changes associated with liver failure. While liver failure can lead to decreased production of albumin, hypoalbuminemia is more associated with fluid shifts and edema rather than blood pressure changes. Option B) Increased capillary permeability is not a typical change associated with liver failure. Capillary permeability changes are more commonly seen in conditions like sepsis or severe trauma. Option D) Excess renin release from the kidneys is not a typical finding in liver failure. Renin is usually released in response to low blood pressure or low sodium levels, not directly related to liver dysfunction. Understanding the hemodynamic changes in liver failure is crucial in managing these patients effectively. Monitoring blood pressure closely can help in recognizing and managing complications like hypotension that can arise from abnormal peripheral vasodilation in liver failure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In assessing a stoma of a patient with a healthy, well-healed colostomy, the stoma is expected to appear red and moist. This indicates good perfusion and tissue viability. The red color signifies an adequate blood supply, and moisture indicates normal tissue hydration. Option A, pale, pink, and moist, is incorrect because a pale stoma may indicate poor perfusion. Option C, dark or purple colored, is incorrect as it can indicate ischemia or necrosis. Option D, dry and black, is incorrect as it suggests tissue death and poor blood supply, which are signs of complications that need immediate attention. In an educational context, understanding the normal appearance of a stoma is crucial for nurses caring for patients with ostomies. Recognizing abnormal findings can help in early identification of complications, prompt intervention, and prevention of further issues. This knowledge ensures optimal stoma care and patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In caring for a patient with a sigmoid colostomy, the correct answer is A) Formed stool. This is because a sigmoid colostomy is typically located in the descending or sigmoid colon, where water absorption primarily occurs. Therefore, the stool that passes through this colostomy tends to be more formed compared to colostomies located higher up in the colon, where more water absorption takes place. Option B) Semisolid and Option C) Semiliquid are incorrect because these consistencies are more commonly associated with colostomies located in the transverse or ascending colon, where less water absorption occurs, resulting in looser stool consistency. Option D) Watery is also incorrect as this consistency is more indicative of colostomies located in the proximal colon or small intestine, where minimal water absorption occurs, leading to watery stool output. Understanding the location of the colostomy and its impact on water absorption and stool consistency is crucial in providing appropriate care for patients with ostomies. Educating nursing students on these principles helps them make informed decisions regarding ostomy care and management based on the specific characteristics of the colostomy.