A client with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is starting Repaglinide. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the administration of this medication?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) "I'll take this medicine 30 minutes before I eat." This statement indicates understanding of the administration of Repaglinide because this medication is a rapid-acting insulin secretagogue that should be taken 15-30 minutes before each meal to stimulate insulin release in response to food intake, helping to control blood glucose levels effectively. Option A) "I'll take this medicine with my meals" is incorrect because taking Repaglinide with meals may lead to inadequate insulin release when needed to manage postprandial glucose levels. Option C) "I'll take this medicine just before I go to bed" is incorrect because Repaglinide should be taken before meals to correspond with food intake and prevent hypoglycemia during the night. Option D) "I'll take this medicine as soon as I wake up in the morning" is incorrect because taking Repaglinide upon waking without food can cause hypoglycemia as the medication stimulates insulin release in response to mealtime glucose elevation. Educationally, understanding the timing of medication administration is crucial in pharmacology to ensure optimal therapeutic effects and prevent adverse reactions. Teaching clients the correct timing of medications like Repaglinide improves medication adherence and overall health outcomes in managing diabetes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) 32-year-old man who has essential hypertension. Administering the Varicella vaccine is contraindicated in pregnant women due to the theoretical risk of transmission to the fetus. Therefore, option A is incorrect. Option B is also incorrect because individuals with a severe allergy to neomycin should not receive the Varicella vaccine, as it contains this component. Option C is incorrect because the Varicella vaccine is not recommended for infants under 12 months of age. In this case, the 32-year-old man with essential hypertension is the most appropriate candidate for the Varicella vaccine. This population is at risk for complications from Varicella infection, and administering the vaccine can help protect him from contracting the disease. This scenario highlights the importance of considering individual health factors and contraindications when determining vaccine eligibility, ensuring the safety and efficacy of immunization practices.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct statement the nurse should include is option A) "You should use a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent bleeding." This is the most appropriate advice because chemotherapy can cause thrombocytopenia, a condition characterized by a low platelet count, which increases the risk of bleeding. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush reduces the chance of gum injury and bleeding. Option B) "You should take aspirin for minor aches and pains" is incorrect because aspirin can further increase the risk of bleeding in a patient with thrombocytopenia due to its antiplatelet effects. Option C) "You should avoid contact with individuals who recently received live virus vaccines" is incorrect as it is not directly related to the adverse effects of chemotherapy in this context. Option D) "You should consume a diet low in protein to reduce the risk of renal damage" is incorrect because a low-protein diet is not typically recommended for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy unless specifically indicated for a different medical reason. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to provide accurate information to patients undergoing chemotherapy to minimize potential complications and improve their quality of life during treatment. Understanding the specific adverse effects of chemotherapy and how to manage them is essential for patient safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Fever. Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat conditions like certain types of cancers and autoimmune diseases. One of the potential side effects of rituximab is infusion reactions, which can manifest as fever. By instructing the client to report fever, the nurse can monitor for any serious adverse reactions promptly. Option A) Dizziness is less likely to be directly related to rituximab and is a common side effect of many medications but not a specific concern with this drug. Option C) Urinary frequency is not typically associated with rituximab use and may not be a significant concern in this context. Option D) Dry mouth is also not a common or serious side effect of rituximab, so it is not the priority finding to report. Educationally, understanding the side effects and potential adverse reactions of medications is crucial for nurses to ensure the safety and well-being of their clients. Teaching clients to recognize and report specific symptoms can aid in early detection and management of any complications, thereby improving outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of starting therapy with doxorubicin, a nurse should instruct the client to report a sore throat. This is because doxorubicin is an anthracycline chemotherapy drug that can cause severe adverse effects on the bone marrow, leading to myelosuppression and increased risk of infection. A sore throat could be an early sign of an infection, which can be life-threatening in immunocompromised patients receiving chemotherapy. Hair loss (option A) and fatigue (option B) are common side effects of doxorubicin, but they are not typically considered urgent or serious enough to report immediately. Red urine (option D) is a rare but known side effect of doxorubicin, caused by the excretion of a metabolite. While it may be alarming to the client, it is not typically a cause for immediate concern unless accompanied by other symptoms. From an educational perspective, it is crucial for nurses to understand the specific adverse effects of chemotherapy drugs like doxorubicin to provide optimal patient care. Teaching clients to report early signs of infection can help prevent serious complications and improve outcomes during cancer treatment. This rationale reinforces the importance of patient education and monitoring for adverse effects in pharmacological therapy.