A client with systemic sclerosis has been in bed for 2 weeks due to fatigue and abdominal pain. Today, the client came into the clinic complaining of her leg being hot, red and painful. What does the nurse suspect?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse would suspect deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to the client's symptoms of a hot, red, and painful leg. DVT occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, commonly in the legs. Prolonged bed rest, as in the case of the client with systemic sclerosis, can increase the risk of DVT due to reduced blood flow and pooling of blood in the veins. The symptoms described are classic signs of DVT, indicating a potential clot that requires immediate medical attention to prevent serious complications like pulmonary embolism. Regarding the other options: A) Amputation: There is no indication in the scenario to suggest the need for amputation. C) Internal bleeding: The symptoms described do not align with those of internal bleeding. D) Kidney failure: The symptoms presented are not characteristic of kidney failure. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to recognize the signs and symptoms of DVT, especially in clients who are immobile or have underlying conditions that predispose them to clot formation. Early detection and intervention are essential to prevent complications and provide appropriate care for the client. Understanding the risk factors, symptoms, and management of DVT is essential for nurses to deliver safe and effective patient care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is option D) Reported pain of 5/10. This is because self-reporting of pain levels is a verbal response, not a nonverbal sign of pain. Nonverbal signs of pain, such as options A) Decreased attention span, B) Grimacing, and C) Increase in heart rate, are observable behaviors or physiological responses that indicate pain without the individual having to verbally communicate it. Educationally, understanding the difference between verbal and nonverbal signs of pain is crucial for healthcare professionals, caregivers, and anyone working with individuals who may have difficulty expressing their pain verbally. Recognizing nonverbal signs allows for timely intervention and appropriate pain management strategies to be implemented. By knowing which cues to look for, healthcare providers can better assess and address pain in individuals who may not be able to communicate their discomfort verbally.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of healthcare and public health, understanding the difference between various terms related to infectious diseases is crucial. In this question, the correct answer is A) A communicable disease. A communicable disease is an infectious disease that can be transmitted directly from one person to another through various means such as physical contact, respiratory droplets, or bodily fluids. This term specifically highlights the ability of the disease to spread from one individual to another, emphasizing the importance of infection control measures and public health interventions to prevent its transmission. Option B) A portal of exit from the reservoir refers to the route through which a pathogen leaves the host's body, not the mode of transmission between individuals. Option C) A susceptible host describes an individual who is at risk of contracting an infectious disease but does not specify the mode of transmission. Option D) A portal of entry to a host is the route through which a pathogen enters a new host's body but does not address direct person-to-person transmission. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of terminology in accurately describing the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases. Understanding these terms not only aids in clinical practice but also in public health efforts to control and prevent the spread of communicable diseases within communities.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of multi-dimensional care, understanding acronyms like CREST is crucial for healthcare professionals. CREST stands for Calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, and Telangiectasia, which are key clinical features associated with systemic sclerosis, specifically limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Option A is incorrect because it includes "Telecines" instead of "Telangiectasia," which is the correct term for small dilated blood vessels near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. Option B is incorrect because it includes "Reverse isolation," which is not a component of the CREST acronym and is not typically associated with systemic sclerosis. Option C is incorrect because it includes "Everted colon," which is not a characteristic feature of CREST syndrome. Finally, Option D is the correct answer as it accurately represents all the components of the CREST acronym. Understanding and recalling acronyms like CREST is vital for accurate diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients with systemic sclerosis, highlighting the importance of precise clinical knowledge in providing multi-dimensional care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is option A) Paresthesia's. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation, pain, and eventually joint deformity if not managed properly. Paresthesia, which refers to abnormal sensations like tingling or numbness, is not a typical complication of RA. Option B) Fibromyalgia is a separate condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and is not a direct complication of RA. Option C) Joint deformity is a well-known potential complication of RA due to chronic inflammation damaging the joint tissues over time. Option D) Dry eyes can occur in RA as a part of Sjogren's syndrome, an autoimmune condition often associated with RA. From an educational perspective, understanding the potential complications of RA is crucial for healthcare providers to provide comprehensive care to patients with RA. By recognizing and differentiating between possible complications, healthcare professionals can tailor treatment plans to address these issues effectively and improve patient outcomes.