ATI RN
Pediatric Nursing Cardiovascular NCLEX Practice Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with stage IV bone cancer is admitted to the hospital for pain control. The client verbalizes continuous, severe pain of 8 on a 1 to 10 scale. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct intervention is to administer opioid and non-opioid medication simultaneously (Option A). This approach is appropriate for managing severe pain effectively in a client with stage IV bone cancer. Opioids provide potent pain relief, while non-opioid medications such as NSAIDs or acetaminophen can complement their effects and improve overall pain management without solely relying on opioids, which may have limitations in severe cases. Option B, administering only opioid medication, may not provide adequate pain relief for severe pain, especially in a case like stage IV bone cancer where pain can be excruciating. Option C, encouraging relaxation techniques, is not sufficient to address severe pain in this context and may delay appropriate pain management. Option D, delaying medication administration until reassessment, is inappropriate as immediate pain relief is crucial for the client's well-being and comfort. Educationally, it is important for nurses to understand the principles of multimodal pain management, especially in cases of severe pain like in advanced cancer. By combining opioids with non-opioid medications, healthcare providers can optimize pain relief while minimizing potential opioid-related side effects, thus improving the overall quality of care for patients in pain.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who is receiving prednisone (Deltasone) 5 mg PO daily for a rash due to contact with poison ivy. Which symptom should the nurse tell the client to report to the healthcare provider?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Rapid weight gain. Prednisone, a corticosteroid, can cause fluid retention and sodium retention in the body, leading to weight gain. Rapid weight gain may indicate fluid overload, a serious side effect that needs immediate medical attention to prevent complications such as heart failure or edema. Option B) Increased energy levels is incorrect because prednisone typically causes side effects such as insomnia, mood changes, or nervousness, but not necessarily increased energy levels. Option C) Frequent headaches are not a common side effect of prednisone and would not be a priority symptom to report. Option D) Dry mouth is a common side effect of prednisone, but it is usually not a serious symptom that requires immediate medical attention. Educationally, this question emphasizes the importance of understanding the side effects of medications commonly prescribed in pediatric patients, the significance of monitoring for adverse reactions, and the need for clear patient education to ensure timely reporting of concerning symptoms to healthcare providers. Nurses need to be vigilant in educating patients and caregivers about potential side effects of medications, especially in pediatric populations where monitoring for adverse reactions is crucial.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is monitoring an infant with a congenital heart disease closely for signs of heart failure. Which early sign should the nurse be most concerned about?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the early signs of heart failure in infants with congenital heart disease is crucial for timely intervention. In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Tachycardia. Tachycardia, an elevated heart rate, is a significant early sign of heart failure in infants. It indicates the heart's inability to meet the body's oxygen demands, leading to compensatory mechanisms like increased heart rate. Option A) Pallor is a non-specific sign that can occur in various conditions and may not specifically indicate heart failure in this context. Option B) Cough is more commonly associated with respiratory issues rather than early signs of heart failure. Option D) Slow and shallow breathing can be a late sign of heart failure, whereas tachycardia is an earlier indicator. Educationally, understanding these nuanced differences is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with cardiac conditions. Recognizing early signs of deterioration can prompt swift interventions, potentially preventing adverse outcomes. Nurses must be vigilant in monitoring these subtle changes in infants to provide timely and effective care.
Question 4 of 5
The clinic nurse reviews the record of a child just seen by the health care provider and diagnosed with suspected aortic stenosis. The nurse expects to note documentation of which clinical manifestation specifically found in this disorder?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the case of a child diagnosed with suspected aortic stenosis, the nurse would expect to note documentation of exercise intolerance as a specific clinical manifestation. Aortic stenosis is a condition characterized by narrowing of the aortic valve, leading to decreased cardiac output and poor perfusion to the body. This results in the child experiencing difficulty in engaging in physical activities and showing signs of exercise intolerance due to the heart's inability to meet the body's increased demand for oxygen during exertion. Option A, pallor, is a non-specific finding that can occur in various health conditions and is not specifically associated with aortic stenosis. Option B, hyperactivity, is unrelated to the pathophysiology of aortic stenosis and would not be a typical manifestation of this disorder. Option D, gastrointestinal disturbances, are also not commonly associated with aortic stenosis. Educationally, understanding the clinical manifestations of pediatric cardiovascular disorders is crucial for nurses caring for children with such conditions. Recognizing specific signs and symptoms can aid in early identification, prompt intervention, and improved outcomes for pediatric patients with cardiovascular issues. By mastering these concepts, nurses can provide comprehensive care and support to pediatric patients with aortic stenosis and other cardiovascular conditions.
Question 5 of 5
Which are the most serious complications for a child with Kawasaki disease? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In Kawasaki disease, the most serious complication for a child is coronary thrombosis (Option A). This is because Kawasaki disease is an acute vasculitis that primarily affects medium-sized arteries, particularly the coronary arteries. Coronary thrombosis can lead to myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and even sudden death in severe cases. Hypocoagulability (Option B) is incorrect because Kawasaki disease is actually associated with a hypercoagulable state due to systemic inflammation and damage to the blood vessels, leading to an increased risk of thrombosis rather than hypocoagulability. Decreased sedimentation time (ESR) (Option C) is incorrect as well because Kawasaki disease is associated with significantly elevated ESR due to the inflammatory nature of the condition. A high ESR is actually a diagnostic criterion for Kawasaki disease. Coronary stenosis (Option D) is a potential complication of Kawasaki disease, but it is not as immediately life-threatening as coronary thrombosis. While coronary stenosis can lead to long-term cardiovascular issues, it is not as acutely dangerous as thrombosis. It is crucial for pediatric nurses to understand the potential complications of Kawasaki disease to provide appropriate care and monitoring for affected children. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of coronary involvement, such as thrombosis, is essential for early intervention and prevention of serious cardiac events.