A client with severe head trauma sustained in a car accident is admitted to the intensive care unit. Thirty six-hours later, the client's urine output suddenly rises above 200mL/hour, leading the nurse to suspect diabetes insipidus. Which laboratory findings support the nurse's suspicion of diabetes insipidus?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by the inability of the kidneys to adequately concentrate urine, leading to excessive dilute urine production. In diabetes insipidus, both urine and serum osmolality levels are typically below normal due to the dilution of urine. When urine output suddenly rises above 200mL/hour in a client with severe head trauma, it may indicate diabetes insipidus, especially if the urine and serum osmolality levels are below normal. This abnormality in osmolality levels is due to the impaired ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine, resulting in decreased urine osmolality and subsequent dilution of the serum osmolality.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Profuse diarrhea is the most common assessment finding in a child with ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the colon and rectum. It causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the colon, leading to symptoms such as frequent and urgent bowel movements, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea. The diarrhea in ulcerative colitis is typically watery and can be very severe, often leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Intense abdominal cramps, anal fissures, and abdominal distention can also be present in ulcerative colitis, but profuse diarrhea is the hallmark symptom that is commonly seen in affected children.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Educating the client about the disease process and its limitations is the most important factor in the nursing management of a client with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Providing information about the disease, its symptoms, potential triggers, and the importance of self-care is crucial in empowering the client to manage their condition effectively. Understanding the limitations imposed by CFS can help the client make necessary adjustments in their lifestyle, activities, and energy management. Education also plays a key role in setting realistic expectations and preventing exacerbation of symptoms by avoiding overexertion or pushing beyond their limits. By understanding the disease process and its impact, the client can actively participate in their care and strive for better quality of life.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Stomatitis is a common side effect of chemotherapy characterized by inflammation and irritation of the mucous membranes in the mouth. This can present as red, painful sores or ulcers on the oral mucosa. The presence of red, open sores in the mouth is indicative of stomatitis and warrants assessment and intervention to manage discomfort and prevent infection in the oral cavity. The other options are not typically associated with stomatitis in the context of chemotherapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Empathy begins developing early, though rudimentary.