ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with osteoporosis is asking the nurse regarding the use of Salmon calcitonin (Miacalcin) nasal spray. The nurse tells the client to do the following, except?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Repeating the dose if the spray is not felt is incorrect and can lead to overdose. The delivery system is designed for 30 doses, and unused solution should be discarded. Miacalcin is typically administered as one spray daily in one nostril. Vitamin D supplementation may be recommended to support bone health, but it is not a direct instruction for using Miacalcin.
Question 2 of 5
A 62-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, renal impairment (creatinine 146 μmol/L) and mild congestive cardiac failure has poor diabetic control (HbA1c = 10.5 per cent), despite treatment with maximum doses of a sulfonylurea. Her body mass index (BMI) is 26. Which of the following would be most appropriate pharmacotherapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Poor glycemic control (HbA1c 10.5%) despite max sulfonylurea in type 2 diabetes with renal impairment and CHF needs escalation. Insulin replaces sulfonylurea, offering precise control without renal clearance issues, most appropriate here. Rosiglitazone risks fluid retention, worsening CHF. Bisoprolol, a beta-blocker, and rimonabant (withdrawn) don't address glycemia. Metformin is contraindicated with creatinine 146 μmol/L (eGFR <30-45) due to lactic acidosis risk. Insulin's flexibility and safety in this complex case optimize outcomes, critical for reducing complications.
Question 3 of 5
Local anaesthetic agents:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Local anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine) block sodium channels, not potassium, halting depolarization, so that's false. They prevent depolarization, not repolarization, making that false. Vasoconstrictors (e.g., epinephrine) prolong action, not vasodilators, which shorten it, so that's incorrect. High extracellular potassium enhances activity by depolarizing membranes closer to threshold, a true statement. High calcium reduces efficacy by stabilizing membranes. The potassium effect is a subtle but real modulator of anesthetic potency, relevant in tissue conditions.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse administers a vaccine to a child. What is the best understanding of the nurse as it relates to the manufacture of this vaccine?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vaccines are typically produced using animal cells (e.g., eggs) or microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, yeast) to grow antigens, mimicking natural pathogen processes for immunity. Plant extracts aren't standard-most use biological systems. Combination products are rare; animal/microbial methods dominate. Lab synthesis applies to small molecules, not complex vaccines. This understanding reflects standard bioprocessing, ensuring effective immune response.
Question 5 of 5
The patient was receiving haloperidol (Haldol), a dopamine antagonist. The psychiatrist changed the order to aripiprazole (Abilify), a partial dopamine antagonist. Which statement best describes the effect of the change of medication on the patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aripiprazole, a partial dopamine agonist, balances receptor activity versus haloperidol's full block, reducing side effects like extrapyramidal symptoms, common in schizophrenia treatment. Compliance isn't directly tied to this switch. Efficacy or symptom reduction varies-side effect profile drives the change. Fewer side effects align with aripiprazole's design, improving tolerability.