A client with limited mobility in their lower extremities is at risk for skin breakdown. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent skin breakdown?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increase the client's intake of carbohydrates. Adequate nutrition, including carbohydrates, is essential for skin health and wound healing. Carbohydrates provide energy for the body's healing processes. Skin breakdown can be prevented by ensuring the client has a well-balanced diet. A: Placing the client in high-Fowler's position is not directly related to preventing skin breakdown in this scenario. C: Massaging areas of skin that are darker than the surrounding skin tissue with lotion may cause more harm than good, as it can increase the risk of skin breakdown. D: Having the client use a trapeze bar when changing position is important for mobility but does not directly address the prevention of skin breakdown.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because limiting sodium intake to 2 grams daily is crucial for managing heart failure by reducing fluid retention and strain on the heart. This statement shows understanding of dietary restrictions to manage the condition effectively. Choice B is incorrect because while monitoring weight is important for heart failure, it does not specifically demonstrate understanding of the teaching provided. Choice C is incorrect because decreasing potassium intake is not recommended for heart failure management unless specifically advised by a healthcare provider. Choice D is incorrect as it mentions a positive dietary change, but does not address the key issue of sodium intake, which is essential for managing heart failure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Development of specialty care disciplines. During the 1960s-1980s, nursing saw significant advancements as specialty care disciplines emerged, leading to improved patient care and enhanced skills among nurses. Specialty care disciplines expanded nursing knowledge and expertise, allowing for tailored and specialized care for specific patient populations. This shift towards specialization elevated the status of nursing and promoted better outcomes for patients. Summary: - A: Decreased demand for health care is incorrect as the period actually saw an increased demand due to population growth and advancements in medical treatments. - C: Gender discrimination, while a significant issue in nursing history, did not directly contribute to advances in nursing during this specific time period. - D: Advances in technology did impact nursing care, but it did not lead to more generalized care; instead, it often facilitated the development of specialized care disciplines.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because virtue ethics primarily focuses on developing moral character and virtues in individuals rather than following specific rules for behavior. This approach emphasizes the importance of cultivating virtuous traits such as honesty, courage, and kindness to guide ethical decision-making. By emphasizing moral character over rules, virtue ethics promotes the idea that individuals should strive to embody virtuous qualities to lead a good and ethical life. Choice A is incorrect because virtue ethics does not rely on rigid moral rules but rather on cultivating virtues. Choice B is incorrect because virtue ethics does not prioritize knowledge of consequences in decision-making. Choice D is incorrect because virtue ethics does not provide a formal set of rules for behavior, but rather emphasizes the development of virtuous character.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Continuous reinforcement. Values are typically learned through consistent reinforcement of behavior that aligns with those values. This reinforcement can come from various sources such as parents, teachers, peers, and societal norms. Continuous reinforcement ensures that the values are internalized and become part of one's belief system. A: Reading books may expose individuals to different perspectives and values, but values are primarily learned through experiential and interpersonal interactions rather than just reading. B: Formal degrees may provide education and knowledge but do not guarantee the internalization of values. Values are often shaped through personal experiences and interactions rather than academic qualifications. D: Meeting diverse individuals can broaden one's perspective and expose them to different values, but values are not solely learned through interaction with others. Continuous reinforcement plays a more crucial role in internalizing values.