A client with juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma who is receiving dexamethasone (Decadron) 4mg/IV every 6 hours to relieve symptoms of right arm weakness and headache. Which of the following assessments will concern the nurse most?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dexamethasone (Decadron) is a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation and edema in brain tumors. A client no longer recognizing family members indicates a potential worsening of neurological status, such as increased intracranial pressure or tumor progression, which is a critical concern. Elevated blood glucose and weight gain are common side effects of steroids but are less urgent. Persistent headaches are expected but less concerning than cognitive changes. Therefore, cognitive decline is the most alarming assessment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Patients with peptic ulcers should stop taking NSAIDs. NSAIDs, which stands for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can worsen peptic ulcers by increasing the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcer formation. NSAIDs work by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, which can lead to a decrease in the protective mucus production in the stomach lining, allowing gastric acid to damage the mucosa and exacerbate peptic ulcers. Therefore, it is crucial for patients with peptic ulcers to avoid NSAIDs to prevent further damage to the gastrointestinal tract.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dexamethasone (Decadron) is a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation and edema in brain tumors. A client no longer recognizing family members indicates a potential worsening of neurological status, such as increased intracranial pressure or tumor progression, which is a critical concern. Elevated blood glucose and weight gain are common side effects of steroids but are less urgent. Persistent headaches are expected but less concerning than cognitive changes. Therefore, cognitive decline is the most alarming assessment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Median effective dose (ED50) affects 50% of a population, a statistical pharmacodynamic measure, not individual guarantee. No adverse effects isn't assured-safety varies. Metabolism timing depends on half-life, not ED50. Majority effectiveness exceeds 50%. Half the population defines ED50, explaining its intent.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Timolol and carteolol are available in an ophthalmic form of the drug for reduction of intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma. A decrease in intraocular pressure would indicate it has been effective. Timolol can also be used to treat hypertension but an increase in blood pressure would indicate the drug was not effective. Reduced pulse rate and reduced angina would not be related to this drug, especially if it was given in ophthalmic form when very little of the drug is absorbed systemically.