ATI RN
Questions on the Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with hypertension (high blood pressure) is having several tests to evaluate renal function. The client asks the nurse about the relationship between the kidney and high blood pressure. What information should the nurse include when teaching this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kidneys regulate blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS): low pressure prompts renin release, triggering angiotensin II formation, which stimulates adrenal aldosterone secretion, raising blood volume and pressure via sodium retention. Cortisol, ACTH-driven, isn't renin-responsive. ADH responds to osmolarity or low volume, not high urine output directly it conserves water. No relationship ignores RAAS's critical link. Aldosterone's renin-driven action distinguishes it, key to hypertension's renal basis.
Question 2 of 5
When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) raises low blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts to resorb bone, releasing calcium. It also enhances kidney calcium reabsorption and intestinal absorption (via vitamin D), not excretion or reduction. Osteoblasts build bone, reducing blood calcium. Osteoclast activation distinguishes PTH's role, critical for calcium homeostasis, contrasting with bone-forming processes.
Question 3 of 5
The production of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Inhibin, from gonadal Sertoli/granulosa cells, selectively inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release via negative feedback, regulating gametogenesis. Estrogens and progesterone broadly suppress pituitary hormones (including FSH), relaxin aids childbirth. Inhibin's specific FSH targeting distinguishes it, key to reproductive homeostasis, contrasting with broader gonadal feedback.
Question 4 of 5
In the elderly, decreased thyroid function causes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reduced thyroid function (hypothyroidism) lowers T3/T4, slowing basal metabolic rate (BMR), causing fatigue and cold intolerance not tolerance. Body fat may increase, and osteoporosis links to hyperthyroidism. Decreased BMR distinguishes hypothyroidism's impact, critical for aging metabolism, contrasting with cold adaptation or bone effects.
Question 5 of 5
The primary function of T3 and T4 is to:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) from the thyroid increase metabolic rate, stimulating cellular energy use body-wide, boosting oxygen consumption and heat production. Glucose reduction is insulin's role, not thyroid hormones'. Calcitonin, also thyroid-derived from C-cells, lowers blood calcium, unrelated to T3/T4's metabolic focus. Bone growth depends on growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary, not thyroid though T3/T4 support growth indirectly via metabolism. Their metabolic acceleration distinguishes them, essential for energy regulation, unlike glucose, calcium, or growth-specific functions.