A client with HIV is starting therapy with zidovudine. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of this medication?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Fatigue. Zidovudine is an antiretroviral medication commonly used in the treatment of HIV. Fatigue is a well-known side effect of zidovudine therapy. As an educator, it is crucial to understand the rationale behind monitoring for adverse effects. Fatigue is a common adverse effect of zidovudine due to its impact on bone marrow, leading to anemia. Anemia can manifest as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath in clients. Monitoring for fatigue is essential to detect and manage anemia promptly, preventing complications and improving the client's quality of life. Regarding the other options: - Blurred vision and ringing in the ears are not commonly associated with zidovudine therapy. These side effects are more likely related to other medications or conditions. - Constipation is also not a typical adverse effect of zidovudine. Constipation is more commonly associated with other medications like opioids or anticholinergics. Educationally, understanding the specific adverse effects of medications is vital for nursing practice. It enables nurses to provide safe and effective care by monitoring clients for anticipated side effects, intervening appropriately, and educating clients on what to expect during treatment. This knowledge enhances patient outcomes and promotes medication adherence.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a client is starting therapy with filgrastim, monitoring for bone pain is essential. Filgrastim can lead to increased bone marrow activity, resulting in bone pain as a common adverse effect. Instructing the client to monitor and report any bone pain promptly can help in managing this side effect effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Neutropenia. When a client with chronic myeloid leukemia is receiving hydroxyurea, the nurse should monitor for neutropenia due to the drug's myelosuppressive effects. Hydroxyurea works by inhibiting DNA synthesis, which can lead to a decrease in neutrophil production and an increased risk of infection. Option A) Hyperkalemia is incorrect because hydroxyurea does not typically cause hyperkalemia. Option B) Hypertension is also incorrect as it is not a common side effect of hydroxyurea. Option D) Tinnitus is not associated with hydroxyurea use and is an unrelated finding. Educationally, understanding the side effects of medications is crucial in providing safe and effective care to patients. By monitoring for potential adverse effects like neutropenia in this case, nurses can intervene early to prevent complications and ensure optimal patient outcomes. It is essential to have a strong pharmacological knowledge base to make informed clinical decisions and provide quality care to patients receiving various medications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Neutropenia. Paclitaxel is a chemotherapy medication known to cause bone marrow suppression, specifically decreasing neutrophil counts. Neutropenia increases the client's risk of infections, making it a crucial adverse effect to monitor during therapy. Option A) Bradycardia is not typically associated with paclitaxel therapy. Diarrhea (Option B) and urinary retention (Option D) can occur as side effects of other medications, but they are not commonly linked to paclitaxel use. From an educational standpoint, understanding the adverse effects of specific medications is essential for nurses to provide safe and effective care. Teaching clients about potential side effects empowers them to monitor their health and report any concerning symptoms promptly. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing chemotherapy-related adverse effects to optimize patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, it is crucial for nurses to understand the potential side effects and adverse reactions associated with specific medications. In this case, the correct answer is A) Hypotension when monitoring a client receiving etoposide. Etoposide is a chemotherapy drug known to cause hypotension as a common side effect. As a nurse, monitoring the client for signs of hypotension such as dizziness, weakness, or a drop in blood pressure is essential to prevent any complications. Option B) Hyperkalemia is not typically associated with etoposide therapy, so it is an incorrect choice. Hyperglycemia, option C, is also not a common side effect of etoposide. Option D) Hypertension is not a typical finding with etoposide treatment, making it an incorrect answer. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding specific medication side effects and the need for vigilant monitoring to ensure patient safety. By knowing the expected findings related to a drug like etoposide, nurses can provide effective care and intervene promptly if any adverse reactions occur.