A client with group AB blood whose husband has group O has just given birth. The major sign of ABO blood incompatibility in the neonate is which complication or test result?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A neonate born to a mother with blood type AB and a father with blood type O is at risk for ABO blood incompatibility, particularly if the neonate is blood type A or B. The major sign of ABO blood incompatibility in the neonate is the development of jaundice within the first 24 hours of life. This occurs due to the mismatch in blood types between the mother and the neonate, leading to the destruction of the neonate's red blood cells. This destruction releases bilirubin, causing jaundice. It is important to note that unlike Rh incompatibility, ABO incompatibility usually does not lead to severe complications requiring treatment. A positive Coombs test result is not typically seen in ABO blood incompatibility.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In acute glomerulonephritis, the kidneys are inflamed and not functioning properly, leading to a decrease in urinary output. As the condition improves, the kidneys are able to filter and excrete waste products more effectively, resulting in an increase in urinary output. This is the first indication that acute glomerulonephritis is improving because it shows that the kidneys are starting to function better. Blood pressure stabilization, increased energy, and absence of protein in the urine may also be positive signs of improvement, but an increase in urinary output is the most direct and specific indicator of improved kidney function in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The baby's symptoms of shakiness, confusion, irritability, and slurred speech are indicative of hypoglycemia, which is low blood sugar. In a baby with newly diagnosed diabetes, the administration of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may have led to excessive lowering of blood glucose levels, causing these symptoms to manifest. It is crucial to address hypoglycemia promptly by administering a rapid-acting carbohydrate source such as glucose gel or juice to raise blood sugar levels back to normal range. Left untreated, severe hypoglycemia can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, and potential long-term neurological damage. It is important for healthcare providers and caregivers to be vigilant in monitoring blood glucose levels in babies newly diagnosed with diabetes to prevent episodes of hypoglycemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: An initial sign or symptom of acute bronchitis is a nonproductive cough. This type of cough produces little to no phlegm or sputum. As the condition progresses, the cough may become productive, with the production of thick yellow or green mucus. Other common symptoms of acute bronchitis may include chest discomfort, fatigue, mild fever, and sore throat. Labored breathing is more commonly associated with conditions such as pneumonia or asthma, while anorexia and gastric ulceration are not typically initial signs of acute bronchitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nursing considerations with Tretinoin (Retin-A) should include explaining that the medication should not be applied until at least 20 to 30 minutes after washing. This wait time allows the skin to fully dry and reduces the risk of irritation. Applying the medication too soon after washing can increase the likelihood of skin irritation, dryness, and peeling. It is essential to follow this guideline to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment and minimize adverse effects on the skin.