A client with end-stage acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has profound manifestations of Cryptosporidium infection caused by the protozoa. In planning the client’s care, the nurse should focus on his need for:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fluid replacement. In end-stage AIDS with Cryptosporidium infection, the client experiences severe diarrhea leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Fluid replacement is crucial to prevent hypovolemia and maintain electrolyte balance. Adequate hydration supports renal function, prevents further complications, and aids in the elimination of the infectious agent. Pain management (A) may be needed for discomfort but is not the priority. Antiretroviral therapy (B) is essential for managing HIV but does not directly address the immediate issue of dehydration. High-calorie intake (D) is important for overall nutrition but does not address the urgent need for fluid replacement in this situation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Moisture replacement. Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the moisture-producing glands, leading to dryness in the eyes, mouth, and other mucous membranes. Nursing care should focus on managing these symptoms by providing moisture replacement through artificial tears, lubricating eye drops, and hydrating mouthwashes. This helps prevent complications such as corneal damage and dental issues. Nutritional supplementation (B) may be needed if there are difficulties in eating due to dry mouth, but it is not the primary focus. Electrolyte balance (C) and arrhythmia management (D) are not directly related to the symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome and are therefore not the main priorities in nursing care for this condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): Most AIDS patients with multiple opportunistic infections die due to a weakened immune system impairing response to therapy. When the immune system is compromised, the body struggles to fight off infections effectively, even with treatment. This results in the infections becoming more severe and ultimately leading to death. Summary of Other Choices: B: Weakened immune system impairs resistance to infection - While this is true, it doesn’t directly address the cause of death in AIDS patients with multiple infections. C: Infection cannot be treated effectively - This is not entirely accurate as infections can be treated, but the weakened immune system hinders the response to treatment. Overall, Choice A is the most accurate as it directly links the weakened immune system to the inability to respond effectively to therapy, leading to fatal outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because compromised nutrition can lead to deficiencies in essential nutrients required for the production of blood cells and hemoglobin. Iron, vitamins, and minerals obtained from food are crucial for erythropoiesis and maintaining a healthy immune system. Without these nutrients, the body may struggle to produce an adequate amount of healthy red blood cells, leading to anemia and compromised immune function. Choice B is incorrect because excessive fat in the diet is not directly linked to interfering with the production of blood cells and hemoglobin. Choice C is incorrect as inconsistent dieting may affect overall health but is not specifically related to hematopoiesis. Choice D is incorrect because while iron and protein are important for blood cell production, excessive amounts of these elements are unlikely to interfere with the production of blood cells and hemoglobin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypovolemia and shock. Rationale: 1. Low blood volume leads to decreased blood pressure and rapid heart rate as compensatory mechanisms. 2. These signs indicate inadequate perfusion due to reduced blood volume. 3. Hypovolemia can progress to shock if not addressed promptly. Summary: A: Compression of blood vessels is not directly related to low blood volume. B: Increasing circulating blood volume would not occur in a client with low blood volume. C: Inadequate renal perfusion is a consequence of hypovolemia, not an implication of decreasing blood pressure and rapid heart rate.