ATI RN
Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with diabetes mellitus has a prescription for 5 U-100 regular insulin and 25 U of U-100 isophane insulin suspension (NPH) to be taken before breakfast. At about 4:30 p.m., the client experiences headache, sweating, tremor, pallor, and nervousness. What is the most probable cause of these signs and symptoms?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The signs and symptoms of headache, sweating, tremor, pallor, and nervousness described in the client suggest hypoglycemia, which is caused by low blood sugar levels. Insulin is a medication used to lower blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. In this case, the client has taken a combination of regular insulin and NPH insulin before breakfast, which could have led to a rapid drop in blood sugar levels by the afternoon causing the symptoms described. It is important to treat hypoglycemia promptly by giving the client a fast-acting carbohydrate source, such as glucose tablets or juice, to raise their blood sugar back to a safe level.
Question 2 of 5
The physician orders local application of epinephrine 1:1000 solution to treat a nosebleed. The patient asks how this will help. Which of the ff. responses by the nurse is best?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor, which means it causes blood vessels to narrow. When applied locally to the site of a nosebleed, epinephrine constricts the blood vessels in the nose, slowing down and stopping the bleeding. By constricting the blood vessels, epinephrine helps to reduce the blood flow to the area, allowing a clot to form and stop the bleeding. This is why option D, "It will constrict your vessels and slow down the bleeding," is the best response by the nurse to explain how epinephrine will help treat a nosebleed.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is teaching a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus how to treat adverse reactions to insulin. To reverse a hypoglycemic reaction, the client ideally should ingest an oral carbohydrate. However, this treatment isn't always a possible or safe. Therefore, the nurse should advise the client to keep which alternate treatment on hand?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucagon is the hormone responsible for raising blood sugar levels in the body. In cases of severe hypoglycemic reactions where the client is unconscious or unable to ingest oral carbohydrates, glucagon can be administered via injection to help raise blood sugar levels rapidly. It is important for clients with type 1 diabetes mellitus to have glucagon on hand as a precautionary measure in case of severe hypoglycemic episodes. Epinephrine is typically used for severe allergic reactions, 50% dextrose is a form of oral carbohydrate, and hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid medication used for various conditions but not for treating hypoglycemia in clients with diabetes.
Question 4 of 5
A patient understands the common causes of urinary tract infection if he or she states the following, EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Drinking lots of water at night is actually a good practice for promoting urinary health and preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Adequate hydration helps to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract, reducing the risk of infections. Therefore, the statement that drinking lots of water at night might have caused a UTI is incorrect. The other choices describe common causes of UTIs such as holding the urge to urinate, introducing bacteria through instruments or catheters, and poor hygiene practices after defecation.
Question 5 of 5
A 10-month-old child can do all the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Speaking inhibition words like 'no' typically occurs later.