ATI RN
Pharmacology Final ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with diabetes is prescribed metformin (Glucophage). Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metformin lowers blood glucose by reducing hepatic production and improving insulin sensitivity, best taken with meals to minimize GI upset (e.g., nausea), a common side effect, while aligning with food intake for glycemic control. Reporting muscle pain relates to rare lactic acidosis, not a primary instruction unless symptomatic. Avoiding carbohydrates is incorrect'diabetes management balances carbs, not eliminates them. Bedtime-only dosing ignores twice-daily norms. Taking it with meals enhances tolerance and efficacy, critical for adherence in type 2 diabetes, where metformin is first-line. This instruction reflects its pharmacokinetics and practical use, making A the key teaching point.
Question 2 of 5
A client who is receiving edrophonium chloride suddenly is complaining of abdominal cramps and the nurse observes the client is experiencing increased perspiration and salivation. The nurse makes sure the availability of which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Edrophonium chloride is a medication used to diagnose myasthenia gravis, a condition characterized by muscle weakness. When a client receiving edrophonium chloride suddenly experiences symptoms like abdominal cramps, increased perspiration, and salivation, these are suggestive of cholinergic crisis, which is an overdose of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors like edrophonium. Atropine sulfate is an anticholinergic medication used to counteract the effects of excessive acetylcholine in the body, hence it is essential to have it readily available to manage cholinergic crisis in this client. Levodopa, methylphenidate hydrochloride, and carbamazepine are not indicated for managing cholinergic crisis.
Question 3 of 5
A 74-year-old professional golfer has chest pain that occurs toward the end of his golfing games. He says the pain usually goes away after one or two sublingual nitroglycerin tablets and rest. What type of angina is he experiencing?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The 74-year-old professional golfer is likely experiencing Prinzmetal™s angina. This type of angina, also known as variant angina, typically occurs at rest and is due to coronary artery spasm, rather than the typical obstruction of blood flow seen in classic angina. The chest pain in Prinzmetal™s angina is often relieved by medications that dilate the blood vessels, such as nitroglycerin, as described by the patient. This distinguishes it from classic angina, which is typically triggered by exertion or emotional stress. Unstable angina, on the other hand, is characterized by chest pain that occurs unpredictably, even at rest and may signal an impending heart attack.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is working with a graduate nurse to prepare an intravenous dose of potassium. Which statement by the graduate nurse reflects a need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The statement "The intravenous potassium dose will be given undiluted" reflects a need for further teaching. Potassium should always be diluted before administration to prevent irritation of the veins and potential adverse effects, such as phlebitis or tissue damage. Diluting the medication helps to reduce the risk of complications, making it safer for the patient. Therefore, the correct approach is to dilute intravenous potassium before administering it to the patient.
Question 5 of 5
When teaching a patient about antihypertensive drug therapy, which statements by the nurse are correct? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the context of teaching a patient about antihypertensive drug therapy, option A, "You need to have your blood pressure checked once a week and keep track of the readings," is correct. This statement emphasizes the importance of monitoring blood pressure regularly to assess the effectiveness of the medication and ensure optimal control of hypertension. Option B, "If you notice that the symptoms have gone away, you should be able to stop taking the drug," is incorrect. Stopping antihypertensive medication abruptly can lead to a sudden increase in blood pressure, posing serious health risks. It is crucial to emphasize to patients that they should never discontinue their medication without consulting their healthcare provider. Option C, "An exercise program may be helpful in treating hypertension, but let's check with your doctor first," is partially correct. While exercise is beneficial for managing hypertension, patients should consult their healthcare provider before starting any new exercise regimen to ensure it is safe and appropriate for their individual health status. Option D, "If you experience severe side effects, stop the medicine and let us know at your next office visit," is also incorrect. Severe side effects should prompt immediate medical attention, and patients should be advised to contact their healthcare provider or seek emergency care if they experience any unexpected or concerning symptoms while taking antihypertensive medication. Educationally, it is important to stress the significance of medication adherence, regular blood pressure monitoring, and open communication with healthcare providers when educating patients about antihypertensive therapy. Empowering patients with accurate information and clear instructions can improve treatment outcomes and promote patient safety and well-being.