A client with depression mentions to the nurse, 'My mother says depression is a chemical disorder. What does she mean?' The nurse’s response is based on the theory that depression primarily involves the following neurotransmitters:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Serotonin and dopamine. Depression is associated with imbalances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. Serotonin plays a role in regulating mood, sleep, and appetite, while dopamine is involved in motivation and pleasure. Low levels of these neurotransmitters are often seen in individuals with depression. Cortisol and GABA (choice B) are more related to stress response and anxiety disorders. COMT and glutamate (choice C) are not primary neurotransmitters involved in depression. Monamine and glycine (choice D) are not specific neurotransmitters related to depression. In conclusion, A is correct as serotonin and dopamine are the primary neurotransmitters associated with depression.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Beta blockers can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients and may also affect blood glucose levels. Monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial to detect any potential hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. A: Weight loss is not a common adverse effect of beta blockers, rather weight gain is more common. B: Beta blockers typically slow down the heart rate, so monitoring for an increased heart rate is not necessary. C: Hot tubs and saunas can potentially worsen the effects of beta blockers on blood pressure and heart rate, so it is not recommended to use them without medical advice. In summary, monitoring blood glucose levels for possible hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia is essential for diabetic patients on beta blockers, while the other choices are not directly related to the adverse effects of beta blockers in this context.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the small intestine. Ezetimibe works by blocking the NPC1L1 transporter in the small intestine, which reduces the absorption of cholesterol. This mechanism leads to decreased levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood. Choice A is incorrect as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors like statins work by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver, not absorption in the intestine. Choice B is incorrect because ezetimibe does not affect bile acid resorption. Choice C is incorrect as ezetimibe does not activate lipase to break down cholesterol; rather, it inhibits cholesterol absorption.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because determining the specific cause of anemia is crucial before starting treatment with folic acid. Folic acid is not used to treat all types of anemia (A), as different types require different treatments. Folic acid is specifically used to treat folate deficiency anemia, not iron-deficiency anemia (B) or pernicious anemia (C). Pernicious anemia is treated with vitamin B12, not folic acid. Therefore, the nurse must identify the underlying cause of anemia to ensure the appropriate treatment is provided.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Drug molecules can bind to a variety of target proteins, including receptors, ion channels, and carriers. Receptors are often targeted to modulate cellular signaling pathways. Ion channels are targeted to regulate the flow of ions across cell membranes. Carriers are targeted to facilitate the transport of molecules across cell membranes. Therefore, the correct answer is D because drug molecules can bind to all three types of target proteins for therapeutic effects. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they each represent only one type of target protein that drug molecules can interact with, whereas the correct answer encompasses all possibilities.